The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government,created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The primary purpose of the SEC is to enforce the law against market manipulation.
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is an independent agency of the United States government,whose purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in United States federal elections. Created in 1974 through amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act,the commission describes its duties as "to disclose campaign finance information,to enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions,and to oversee the public funding of Presidential elections."
Charles Christopher Cox is an American attorney and politician who served as chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,a 17-year Republican member of the United States House of Representatives,and member of the White House staff in the Reagan Administration. Prior to his Washington service he was a practicing attorney,teacher,and entrepreneur. Following his retirement from government in 2009,he returned to law practice and currently serves as a director,trustee,and advisor to several for-profit and nonprofit organizations.
Harvey L. Pitt was an American lawyer. He served as the 26th chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for 18 months from August 2001 to February 2003,a period that encompassed the September 11 attacks and the Enron scandal.
Mary Jo White is an American attorney who served as the 31st chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2013 to 2017. She was the first woman to be the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York,serving from 1993 to 2002. On January 24,2013,President Barack Obama nominated White to replace Elisse B. Walter as Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. She was confirmed by the Senate on April 8,2013,and was sworn into office on April 10,2013. In 2014,she was listed as the 73rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.
Kathleen L. Casey is a former Republican commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. She was appointed by President George W. Bush and sworn in on July 17,2006. Her term expired in August 2011.
Edward Emmett Kaufman is a retired American politician and businessman who served as a United States senator from Delaware from 2009 to 2010. He chaired the Congressional Oversight Panel for the Oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program;he was the second and final person to hold the position,succeeding Elizabeth Warren. Kaufman is a member of the Democratic Party and key ally of President Joe Biden.
Troy A. Paredes served as a Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from August 1,2008 to August 3,2013. Commissioner Paredes was appointed to the SEC by President George W. Bush on June 30,2008 to replace Paul S. Atkins,a Republican commissioner,who was retiring at the end of his term. Paredes was replaced by Michael Piwowar who was sworn in on August 15,2013.
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) was a ten-member commission appointed by the leaders of the United States Congress with the goal of investigating the causes of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. The Commission has been nicknamed the Angelides Commission after the chairman,Phil Angelides. The commission has been compared to the Pecora Commission,which investigated the causes of the Great Depression in the 1930s,and has been nicknamed the New Pecora Commission. Analogies have also been made to the 9/11 Commission,which examined the September 11 attacks. The commission had the ability to subpoena documents and witnesses for testimony,a power that the Pecora Commission had but the 9/11 Commission did not. The first public hearing of the commission was held on January 13,2010,with the presentation of testimony from various banking officials. Hearings continued during 2010 with "hundreds" of other persons in business,academia,and government testifying.
The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a United States federal government organization,established by Title I of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21,2010. The Office of Financial Research is intended to provide support to the council.
Daniel M. Gallagher,Jr. is an American lawyer in private practice who served as a Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2011 to 2015. Gallagher was appointed to the SEC by President Barack Obama. He also previously served as the deputy director and co-acting director of the Division of Trading and Markets.
Kara Marlene Stein is an American attorney who currently serves as a board member of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board,known as PCAOB. She was sworn in on November 18,2021,and her current term is scheduled to end on October 24,2026.
Walter Joseph "Jay" Clayton III is an American attorney who served as the chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from May 4,2017 until December 23,2020. He was nominated for the position by President Donald Trump.
Heath Price Tarbert is an American lawyer and former government official who most recently served as the 14th Chairman and a Commissioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Prior to leading the CFTC,he served as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Markets and Development and as acting Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs. As of July 1,2023,he is Chief Legal Officer and Head of Corporate Affairs for Circle.
Steven Peikin is an American lawyer,who began his career as a prosecutor and later transitioned to white collar criminal defense for the law firm Sullivan &Cromwell,where he was Managing Partner. On June 8,2017 he was appointed as co-director of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Enforcement Division,a title he shares with Stephanie Avakian. The division is responsible for overseeing investigations into misconduct in the financial markets and brings civil suits against those who have committed fraud or other financial crimes.
Bradley J. Bondi is an American lawyer,law professor,and partner at Paul Hastings LLP,where he is the Global Co-Chair of the firm's Investigations and White Collar Defense practice. He has also served on the executive staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and was appointed to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) in the wake of the 2007-2008 financial crisis to investigate its causes.
Hester Maria Peirce is an American lawyer who serves as a Commissioner on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). She previously served as the director of the Financial Markets Working Group at George Mason University's Mercatus Center. Peirce was confirmed by the United States Senate in December 2017 to fill a Republican vacancy on the SEC. She was sworn in on January 11,2018,for a term ending in 2020,and her second term expires in 2025. Peirce is a former staff member of the United States Senate Committee on Banking,Housing,and Urban Affairs and of the SEC. In 2016,she was nominated by President Barack Obama for Commissioner on the SEC,but the United States Senate did not act on her nomination.
Dan Michael Berkovitz was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as a commissioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission on April 24,2018. He was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 28,2018 and sworn into office on September 7,2018 for a five-year term expiring on April 13,2023.
Elad Leon Roisman is an American lawyer from Maine who is a former commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Mark Toshiro Uyeda is an American attorney and government official. A member of the Republican Party,Uyeda has served as a member of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) since June 30,2022. He is the first Asian American to serve on the SEC.
