Michael R. White | |
---|---|
55th Mayor of Cleveland | |
In office January 1, 1990 –January 1, 2002 | |
Preceded by | George Voinovich |
Succeeded by | Jane L. Campbell |
Member of the Ohio Senate from the 21st district | |
In office May 17,1984 –December 31,1989 | |
Preceded by | Morris Jackson |
Succeeded by | Jeff Johnson |
Personal details | |
Born | Cleveland,Ohio,U.S. | August 13,1951
Political party | Democratic |
Alma mater | Ohio State University |
Michael White (born August 13,1951) is an American politician of the Democratic Party and was the 55th and second longest-serving mayor of Cleveland,Ohio encompassing three four-year terms,from 1990 to 2002. He was Cleveland's second African American mayor as well as the city's second youngest mayor.
White,who grew up in Cleveland's Glenville neighborhood,began his political career early on during his college years at Ohio State University,when he protested against the discriminatory policies of the Columbus public bus system and was subsequently arrested.[ citation needed ] White then ran the following year for Student Union President and won,becoming the college's first black student body leader.[ citation needed ] He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1973 and a Master of Public Administration degree in 1974.
After college,White returned to Cleveland. He served from 1976 to 1977 as an administrative assistant to the Cleveland City Council and then served as city councilman from the Glenville area from 1978 to 1984[ citation needed ] During his time on the City Council,White became a prominent protégéof Councilman George L. Forbes. White then represented the area's 21st District in the Ohio Senate,serving as a Democratic assistant minority whip.
In 1989,White entered the heavily contested[ citation needed ] race for mayor of Cleveland,along with several other notable candidates including Forbes,Ralph J. Perk Jr. (the son of former Cleveland mayor Ralph J. Perk),Benny Bonanno (Clerk of the Cleveland Municipal Court),and Tim Hagan (Cuyahoga County commissioner). Out of all the candidates,Forbes and White made it to the general election. It was the first time two Black candidates emerged as the number one and two contenders in a primary election in Cleveland history.
In Cleveland,incumbent Mike White won re-election against council president George Forbes,who ran as the candidate of black power and the public sector unions. Angering the unions by eliminating some of the city's exotic work rules,White presented himself as pro-business,pro-police and an effective manager above all,arguing that "jobs were the cure for the 'addiction to the mailbox,'" referring to welfare checks. [1]
White ended up winning the race,securing "81% of the vote in predominantly white wards and 30% in the predominantly black wards where his opponent,George Forbes,was the strongest." He was subsequently re-elected mayor in 1993 and 1997. [2]
Some of White's accomplishments in office include passing legislation making banks dispel lending policies that were restrictive to minorities,providing leadership for retaining a Cleveland Browns team in the NFL (after then-Browns team owner Art Modell moved to Baltimore with all former Browns players and personnel to form the Baltimore Ravens) as well as building a new stadium for the Cleveland Browns,and construction of the Gateway stadium development.[ citation needed ] He also declared October 30,1994 " Bone Thugs~N~Harmony Day" in the city of Cleveland to honor the hometown rappers. [3]
White is also credited in saving the Continental Airlines Cleveland Hub. In 1999,Clevelanders and Northeast Ohioans celebrated direct access to London,England with a nonstop air service from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport CLE to London's Gatwick LGW. This flight was popular with Cleveland's business community and helped Clevelanders bypass the traditional Cleveland-NYC-London connections. Continental ended nonstop London flights in 2009. [4] Continental Airlines in 1997 opened a new Gate D at Hopkins Airport.[ citation needed ]
Under Mayor White's tenure,Cleveland became a tourist spot with the openings of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1995) and the Great Lakes Science Center (1996).[ citation needed ]
White announced at an informal appearance at Miles Standish Elementary School on April 23,2001 that he would not seek a fourth term as mayor. [2] When White's successor,Jane L. Campbell,assumed office in January 2002,and the former mayor retired to an alpaca farm near Newcomerstown,Ohio. In 2012,he was also running the Yellow Butterfly Winery near the same town. [5]
The White administration was criticized for ignoring or at least underachieving in its aid to residents of the predominantly black neighborhoods. For instance,there was lackluster job training efforts,and it directed none of the enterprise zone development projects to the Hough neighborhood. [6]
Two of White's closest associates,Nate Gray and Ricardo Teamor,were convicted and sentenced to prison in connection with bribery scandals. Gray was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for racketeering and extortion;an FBI affidavit depicted Gray as a "bag man" who engaged in a shakedown of city contractors. [7] Teamor pleaded guilty to bribery to former Councilman Joe Jones and cooperated with federal prosecutors,revealing details of corruption in the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport expansion project,which was undertaken when White was mayor. [8] White was targeted in the federal probe of corruption in Cleveland [9] but was never charged with any crime. [7]
Cleveland,officially the City of Cleveland,is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio,and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. It is located along the southern shore of Lake Erie,across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately 60 miles west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border.
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is an international airport in Cleveland,Ohio,United States. It is the primary airport serving Greater Cleveland and Northeast Ohio,the largest and busiest airport in the state,and the 43rd busiest airport in the U.S. by passenger numbers. Located in Cleveland's Hopkins neighborhood 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Downtown Cleveland,it is adjacent to the Glenn Research Center,one of NASA's ten major field centers.
George Victor Voinovich was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Ohio from 1999 to 2011,the 65th governor of Ohio from 1991 to 1998 and the 54th mayor of Cleveland from 1980 to 1989,the last Republican to serve in that office.
Ralph Joseph Perk was an American politician of the Republican Party who served as the 52nd mayor of Cleveland,Ohio.
Francis E. Gaul was an American politician of the Democratic party. He was the Treasurer of Cuyahoga County,Ohio from 1976 to 1995.
Frank George Jackson is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 57th Mayor of Cleveland,Ohio from 2006 to 2022. He was first elected on November 8,2005,unseating incumbent Jane Campbell,and re-elected in 2009,2013,and 2017. Having served four terms,he is the longest-serving mayor in Cleveland history. On May 6,2021,he announced he would not seek re-election in 2021.
The written history of Cleveland began with the city's founding by General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company in 1796. Its central location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the mouth of the Cuyahoga River allowed it to grow into a major trade center in the early 19th century. After the American Civil War,Cleveland grew to be a major industrial city and a gateway for European and Middle Eastern immigrants,as well as African American migrants,seeking jobs and opportunity. For most of the 20th century,Cleveland was one of America's largest cities,but after World War II,it suffered from post-war deindustrialization and suburbanization. The city has pursued a gradual recovery since the 1980s,becoming a major national center for healthcare and the arts by the early 21st century.
The Glenville shootout was a gun battle that occurred on the night of July 23–24,1968,in the Glenville section of Cleveland,Ohio,in the United States. Gunfire was exchanged for roughly four hours between the Cleveland Police Department and the Black Nationalists of New Libya,a Black Power group. The battle led to the death of three policemen,three suspects,and a bystander. At least 15 others were wounded.
George Lawrence Forbes is an American politician of the Democratic Party. From 1974 to 1989,Forbes served as president of the Cleveland City Council. He is the former President of the Cleveland NAACP and is semi-retired from practicing law.
The 1978 Cleveland recall election determined whether or not the 53rd Mayor of Cleveland,Dennis Kucinich,would be removed from office. It was the first mayoral recall election in the city's history.
Glenville is a neighborhood on the east side of Cleveland,Ohio. The neighborhood has an irregular border. It begins in the northeast at Eddy Road,and follows Hazeldell Road,E. 110th Street,and Lakeview Road south to E. 114th Street. It follows E. 114th Street South to Superior Avenue,where the border moves east to E. 125th Street. It follows E. 125th Street south to Hower Avenue,and then cuts across residential blocks in a due-south line to Wade Park Avenue. It roughly follows Wade Park Avenue west to E. 105th Street,then E. 105th Street north to Superior Avenue. It follows Superior Avenue west to E. 98th Street. The border follows Parkgate Avenue west,cuts across Rockefeller Park to Crumb Avenue,and then follows Crumb Avenue,E. 79th Street,and St. Clair Avenue to E. 72nd Street. After following E. 72nd Street north to the Lake Erie shore,it follows the shore to encompass the Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve before moving due south inland to the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway. The border then follows the Shoreway to Eddy Road.
East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue was at one time the most famous intersection in the city of Cleveland,Ohio. The legendary commercial junction consists of several blocks from East to West between 107th Street and 105th Street.
Jeffrey D. Johnson is an American politician and attorney who served as a member of Cleveland City Council for Ward 10 from 2014 to 2018. Johnson served as councilman for Ward 8 from 1984 to 1990 and as a member of the Ohio Senate from 1990 to 1998.
This article contains a timeline of the history of Cleveland,Ohio,United States.
The 2017 Cleveland mayoral election took place on November 7,2017,to elect the Mayor of Cleveland,Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan,with the top two candidates from the September 12 primary election advancing to the general election,regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor Frank G. Jackson won reelection to a fourth term.
The City of Cleveland Division of Emergency Medical Service,also known as Cleveland EMS or CEMS,is the division of the municipal government tasked with emergency ambulance transport for the City of Cleveland,Ohio.
The 1979 Cleveland mayoral election took place on November 6,1979,to elect the Mayor of Cleveland,Ohio. George Voinovich defeated incumbent mayor Dennis Kucinich. The election was officially nonpartisan,with the top two candidates from the October 2 primary advancing to the general election.
The 1989 Cleveland mayoral election took place on November 7,1989,to elect the Mayor of Cleveland,Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan,with the top two candidates from the October 3 primary advancing to the general election.
The 2021 Cleveland mayoral election took place on November 2,2021,to elect the Mayor of Cleveland,Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan,with the top two candidates from the September 14 primary election advancing to the general election,regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor Frank G. Jackson was eligible to run for reelection to a fifth term,but instead chose to retire. Justin Bibb was elected the 58th mayor of Cleveland in the general election.
On March 10,2021,Marcia Fudge resigned her seat in the United States House of Representatives after being confirmed by the United States Senate to serve as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Biden administration. Governor Mike DeWine set the primary date for August 3,concurrent with the special election in Ohio's 15th congressional district. The general election was on November 2. Shontel Brown won both the competitive Democratic primary and the general election,and was sworn in on November 4,2021.