Functional linguistics is an approach to the study of language characterized by taking systematically into account the speaker's and the hearer's side,and the communicative needs of the speaker and of the given language community. Linguistic functionalism spawned in the 1920s to 1930s from Ferdinand de Saussure's systematic structuralist approach to language (1916).
Internet slang is a non-standard or unofficial form of language used by people on the Internet to communicate to one another. An example of Internet slang is "LOL" meaning "laugh out loud." Since Internet slang is constantly changing,it is difficult to provide a standardized definition. However,it can be understood to be any type of slang that Internet users have popularized,and in many cases,have coined. Such terms often originate with the purpose of saving keystrokes or to compensate for small character limits. Many people use the same abbreviations in texting,instant messaging,and social networking websites. Acronyms,keyboard symbols,and abbreviations are common types of Internet slang. New dialects of slang,such as leet or Lolspeak,develop as ingroup Internet memes rather than time savers. Many people also use Internet slang in face-to-face,real life communication.
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice. CDA combines critique of discourse and explanation of how it figures within and contributes to the existing social reality,as a basis for action to change that existing reality in particular respects. Scholars working in the tradition of CDA generally argue that (non-linguistic) social practice and linguistic practice constitute one another and focus on investigating how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use. In this sense,it differs from discourse analysis in that it highlights issues of power asymmetries,manipulation,exploitation,and structural inequities in domains such as education,media,and politics.
Discourse analysis (DA),or discourse studies,is an approach to the analysis of written,vocal,or sign language use,or any significant semiotic event.
Kira Hall is professor of Linguistics and Anthropology,as well as director for the Program in Culture,Language,and Social Practice (CLASP),at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Social semiotics is a branch of the field of semiotics which investigates human signifying practices in specific social and cultural circumstances,and which tries to explain meaning-making as a social practice. Semiotics,as originally defined by Ferdinand de Saussure,is "the science of the life of signs in society". Social semiotics expands on Saussure's founding insights by exploring the implications of the fact that the "codes" of language and communication are formed by social processes. The crucial implication here is that meanings and semiotic systems are shaped by relations of power,and that as power shifts in society,our languages and other systems of socially accepted meanings can and do change.
Alessandro Duranti is Distinguished Research Professor of Anthropology and served as Dean of Social Sciences at UCLA from 2009 to 2016. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Gunther Rolf Kress MBE was a linguist and semiotician. He is considered one of the leading theorists in critical discourse analysis,social semiotics and multimodality,particularly in relation to their educational implications. Kress has been described as "one of the leading academics of the early 21st century".
Multiliteracy is an approach to literacy theory and pedagogy coined in the mid-1990s by the New London Group. The approach is characterized by two key aspects of literacy - linguistic diversity and multimodal forms of linguistic expressions and representation. It was coined in response to two major changes in the globalized environment. One such change was the growing linguistic and cultural diversity due to increased transnational migration. The second major change was the proliferation of new mediums of communication due to advancement in communication technologies e.g the internet,multimedia,and digital media. As a scholarly approach,multiliteracy focuses on the new "literacy" that is developing in response to the changes in the way people communicate globally due to technological shifts and the interplay between different cultures and languages.
Interactional linguistics (IL) is an interdisciplinary approach to grammar and interaction in the field of linguistics,that applies the methods of Conversation Analysis to the study of linguistic structures,including syntax,phonetics,morphology,and so on. Interactional linguistics is based on the principle that linguistic structures and uses are formed through interaction and it aims at understanding how languages are shaped through interaction. The approach focuses on temporality,activity implication and embodiment in interaction. Interactional linguistics asks research questions such as "How are linguistic patterns shaped by interaction?" and "How do linguistic patterns themselves shape interaction?".
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Linguistics is based on a theoretical as well as a descriptive study of language and is also interlinked with the applied fields of language studies and language learning,which entails the study of specific languages. Before the 20th century,linguistics evolved in conjunction with literary study and did not exclusively employ scientific methods.
James Robert Martin is a Canadian linguist. He is Professor of Linguistics at The University of Sydney. He is the leading figure in the 'Sydney School' of systemic functional linguistics. Martin is well known for his work on discourse analysis,genre,appraisal,multimodality and educational linguistics.
Media linguistics is the linguistic study of language use in the media. The fundamental aspect of media linguistics as a new systematic approach to the study of media language is that media text is one of the most common forms of language existence today. It studies the functioning of language in the media sphere,or modern mass communication presented by print,audiovisual,digital,and networked media. Media linguistics investigates the relationship between language use,which is regarded as an interface between social and cognitive communication practice,and public discourse conveyed through media.
Multimodality is the application of multiple literacies within one medium. Multiple literacies or "modes" contribute to an audience's understanding of a composition. Everything from the placement of images to the organization of the content to the method of delivery creates meaning. This is the result of a shift from isolated text being relied on as the primary source of communication,to the image being utilized more frequently in the digital age. Multimodality describes communication practices in terms of the textual,aural,linguistic,spatial,and visual resources used to compose messages.
Gender and Language is an international peer-reviewed academic journal for language-based research on gender and sexuality from feminist,queer,and trans perspectives. The journal features research on the social analytics of gender in discourse domains that include institutions,media,politics and everyday interaction.
Rosalind Ivanić is a Yugoslav-born British linguist. She is currently an honorary professor at the Department of Linguistics and English Language of Lancaster University,United Kingdom. Her research focuses on applied linguistics with a special focus on literacy,intertextuality,multimodal communication,adult literacy,educational linguistics,critical language awareness,punctuation,and second language writing. Along with Theo van Leeuwen and David Barton,she is considered one of the most prominent researchers on literacy.
Monika Bednarek is a German-born Australian linguist. She is a professor in linguistics at the University of Sydney and director of the Sydney Corpus Lab. She is one of the co-developers of Discursive News Values Analysis (DNVA),which is a framework for analyzing how events are constructed as newsworthy through language and images. Her work ranges across various linguistic sub-disciplines,including corpus linguistics,media linguistics,sociolinguistics,discourse analysis,stylistics,and applied linguistics.
Louise Jane Ravelli is an Australian linguist. She is a professor in the School of the Arts and Media at the University of New South Wales,Australia. Her research expertise includes multimodal communication,museum communication,discourse analysis,and systemic functional grammar,using the frameworks of Systemic Functional Linguistics,Social Semiotics,and Multimodal Discourse Analysis.
Kay L. O'Halloran is an Australian-born academic in the field of multimodal discourse analysis. She is Chair Professor and Head of Department of Communication and Media in the School of the Arts at the University of Liverpool and Visiting Distinguished Professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University (2017–2020). She is the founding director of the Multimodal Analysis Laboratory of the Interactive and Digital Media Institute (IDMI) at the National University of Singapore (NUS). She is widely known for her development of systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA) and its application in the realm of mathematical discourse and multimodal text construction. Her current work involves the development and use of digital tools and techniques for multimodal analysis and mixed methods approaches to big data analytics.
The representation of the Holocaust on social media has been a subject of scholarly inquiry and media attention.
