Midland Union of Natural History Societies

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Midland Union of Natural History Societies
Established1877  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg (147 years ago)
Dissolvedc. 1894  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Country United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

The Midland Union of Natural History Societies (initially the Union of Midland Natural History Societies) was an association of amateur groups in the English Midlands and central Wales, which existed from 1877. For sixteen years it published a journal, The Midland Naturalist, and from 1881 awarded a medal, the Darwin Prize. The phrase "Natural History" was interpreted broadly, and the groups' interests included archaeology, architecture and geology.

Contents

History

The success of a Tamworth Natural History, Geological, and Antiquarian Society meeting held early in 1874, joined by the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society (BNHMS) led William G. Blatch , Honorary Secretary of the latter, to propose closer collaboration between local natural history societies. [1] Eventually, on 17 August 1876 committee meeting of the Birmingham society, decided to investigate the formation of a union of such groups. [1] Representatives of various societies met at the Midland Institute, Birmingham, on 28 August 1877, and elected a council to manage the union. [1]

The eminent surgeon and president of the BNHMS, Lawson Tait, played a leading role in the formation and early administration of the Union. [1] He resigned his positions on the managing bodies of both organisations in 1878, in a dispute over the Union's subscription fees. [2]

In 1885, the Union wrote a letter to The Times (published 6 July) pointing out "that many of our rarest and most beautiful native plants have already been, or are being, rapidly exterminated" due to over-enthusiastic collection by both botanists and professional dealers, and calling for measures to reduce this loss. [3] The calls were supported in an editorial in the same issue. [4]

The last press reports on the Union's activities appeared in the Birmingham Daily Post in August 1894, when: [5]

In proposing a vote of thanks to the out-going president, Mr. Jebb said Mr. Wilkinson had stuck to the union in a crisis, and he hoped there was now a brighter time in store for them.

Presidents

Midland Naturalist

Cover of the first volume of Midland Naturalist by Worthington Smith, who described his design in the first issue. Midland Naturalist - Volume 1 - title page.jpg
Cover of the first volume of Midland Naturalist by Worthington Smith, who described his design in the first issue.

A journal, The Midland Naturalist, subtitled "The Journal of The Associated Natural History, Philosophical, and Archæologigal Societies and Field Clubs of the Midland Counties", was published from 1878 to 1893. Volumes 1-9 were edited by Edward W. Badger and William Jerome Harrison; Volumes 10-16 by Badger and W. Hillhouse.

From 1883 (volume 6) the journal incorporated the Annual Proceedings of the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society, which had previously been published separately. [14] From volume 7 it took on the same role for the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society. [15]

At least one species description was published in the journal, that for the edible fungus Russula claroflava , whose type specimen was found in Sutton Park by William Bywater Grove in 1888. [16]

The Birmingham Daily Post article of August 1894 referred to the journal as "now defunct", without further explanation. [5]

Darwin Prize

Gold Darwin Prize medal, awarded to James Eustace Bagnall and engraved "J.E. Bagnall ALS Botany 1888" Darwin medal Bagnall.jpg
Gold Darwin Prize medal, awarded to James Eustace Bagnall and engraved "J.E. Bagnall ALS Botany 1888"
Bronze Darwin Prize medal, unissued Charles Darwin bronze Award Medal.webp
Bronze Darwin Prize medal, unissued

The society established an annual award in 1880, for original research by individual members of the member societies, submitted for publication in The Midland Naturalist, in the fields of geology, archaeology, zoology, or botany. [6] [17] Recipients had a choice of a gold medal, or a bronze medal and cash, with a total value of £10 (equivalent to £1,257in 2023) initially. [6] Permission to name the award after Charles Darwin, and to include his likeness on the medal, was granted by Darwin himself, who wrote: [6]

"[your] wish to name the Medal after me is a very great honour, which I gladly accept. It is particularly pleasing to me to have my name connected, in however indirect a manner, with a scheme for advancing Science—the study of which has been my chief source of happiness throughout life."

The medal was engraved by Joseph Moore, of Birmingham. [17] Its obverse showed a bust of Darwin, facing slightly right, below which was signed "JOSEH. MOORE F.". [18] The reverse featured the wording "The Darwin Medal / Awarded to / Founded by the Midland Union of Natural History Societies 1880,", with space on a cartouche for the recipient's name, year and subject area, and below that a depiction of a branch of coral. [18] [19] The edge was plain. [18]

The award was first given in 1881 and was restricted to the topic of geology, the next year to biology, and the third year to archaeology, then the pattern repeated, [17] [6] before being abandoned. Recipients included: [17]

The Birmingham Daily Post article of August 1894 noted an agreement that, with the demise of The Midland Naturalist, the prize "should in future be awarded to the author of the best paper on a given subject in a newspaper or journal within the area of the union". [5]

The wax model for the medal is now at Darwin's former home, Down House, along with the unused 1886 medal, which was sent to Darwin's family at that time. [7] [19]

Members

In its first year, membership of the Union included: [1]

Additional members, with date of joining, included:

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Anonymous (1878). "Opening Address". The Midland Naturalist . 1: 1–4. Wikidata   Q116982992.
  2. ↑ Lawson Tait (1878). "The Proposed Increase of the Subscription to the Midland Union of Natural History Societies". The Midland Naturalist . 1: 228. Wikidata   Q117087957.
  3. ↑ Midland Union of Natural History Societies (6 July 1885). "The Preservation Of The Native Flora Of Great Britain". The Times. No. 31491. p. 7.
  4. ↑ Anonymous (6 July 1885). "London, Monday, July 6, 1885". The Times. No. 31491. p. 9.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Midland Union of Natural History Societies". Birmingham Daily Post . 6 August 1894. p. 3.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Encouragement of original research: The Darwin prize". The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Midland Union of Natural History Societies: Annual Meeting at Tamworth". Lichfield Mercury . 15 June 1883. p. 7.
  8. ↑ "Meeting of Natural History Societies. Midland Union of Natural History Societies. The Seventh Annual Meeting". The Midland Naturalist. 7: 167. 1984.
  9. ↑ "Midland Union of Natural History Societies". Birmingham Daily Post. 17 June 1885. p. 7.
  10. ↑ "Meeting of Natural History Societies. Midland Union of Natural History Societies. Ninth Annual Meeting, Shrewsbury, 1886". The Midland Naturalist. 9: 190. 1986.
  11. ↑ "Midland Union of Natural History Societies". Worcestershire Chronicle. 9 July 1887. p. 7.
  12. 1 2 "Midland Union of Natural History Societies". Birmingham Daily Post. 12 July 1893. p. 7.
  13. ↑ Smith, Worthington G. (1878). "Our Cover". The Midland Naturalist . 1: 25. Wikidata   Q116977457.
  14. ↑ "Preface". The Midland Naturalist. 6. 1883.
  15. ↑ "Preface". The Midland Naturalist. 7. 1884.
  16. ↑ Grove WB. (1888). "Wayside notes". The Midland Naturalist . 11: 265–266.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "The Darwin Medal". The Gardeners' Chronicle : 51. 9 July 1887.
  18. 1 2 3 "101150 | Great Britain. Charles Darwin bronze Award Medal". Numismagram. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  19. 1 2 "2.7 Joseph Moore, Midland Union medal". Darwin Correspondence Project. 17 September 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  20. 1 2 "Meeting of Natural History Societies. Midland Union of Natural History Societies. Ninth Annual Meeting, Shrewsbury, 1886". The Midland Naturalist. 9: 190. 1986.
  21. 1 2 3 "Midland Union of Natural History Societies". Birmingham Daily Post. 22 May 1879. p. 4.
  22. ↑ "Midland Union of Natural History Societies". Leicester Journal. 25 June 1880. p. 6.
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