Mirza Kadym Irevani | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1825 |
| Died | c. 1875 |
| Education | Tiflis Progymnasium |
| Known for | Painting |
| Style | Applied arts, easel painting |
Mirza Kadym Irevani [lower-alpha 1] was a ornamentalist artist and portraitist, whose work mostly consisted of typical Persian miniatures and lacquers. [1]
Mirza Kadym Irevani is famous for his drawings and miniature paintings. [1] In the 1850s, he was commissioned by the Russians to repaint the interior of the Erivan Sardar's Palace, which had originally been painted by a Persian artist in 1815. [2] He also painted 4 big (1 м X 2 м) portraits for the Sardar's Palace. [3] Mirza Kadym Erivani's works are kept in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan, the Art Museum of Georgia, and the Hermitage.
Of Azerbaijani stock, Mirza Kadym Irevani was born in 1825, in the city of Erivan in Qajar Iran during the tenure of the last Iranian governor of the Erivan Khanate, Hossein Khan Sardar, and belonged to a "family of professional decorators". [1] [4] During Hossein Khan's capable governorship, Erivan prospered; the Sardar's Palace became decorated with mirrors, stuccos, and fourteen paintings. [1] [5]
The paintings depicted four heroes from the Iranian Shahnameh epic, including Rostam and Sohrab, as well as contemporary Iranian notables; king Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834), Abbas Mirza, Hossein Khan Sardar, and his brother Hasan Khan Qajar. [6] Other paintings included two hunting and battle scenes. [6] All fourteen paintings were originally painted in 1815 by a Persian painter named ʿAbd al-Rāziq. [6]
At the decisive siege of Erivan of 1827, during the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828, the Russian artillery gravely damaged the Sardar's Palace. [6] After the Iranians were forced to cede Erivan to the Russians per the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828, the Erivan Sardar's palace was neglected by the Russians, and thus fell in ruins. [6] A few decades later, in 1850, when Orientalism came in vogue, the Russians decided to rebuild the palace. [7] The Russians commissioned Mirza Kadym Irevani to repaint the interior of the palace. [8] Thus; "all historical figures depicted on the walls of the palace were from 30-40 years earlier than the time of Mirza Kadym Irevani". [9]
Mirza Kadym Irevani's oeuvre consists mostly of "typical Persian miniatures and lacquers". [1] He also created some "monumental and easel paintings with figurative motives", but they are considered to be of lesser aesthetic quality. [1] In relation to his oeuvre, Associate Professor Irina Koshoridze adds: [1]
The color range is not quite rich, and the proportions of the figures are not always right; they are occasionally even primitive. In the murals of the palace, he tried to follow the old schemes of the paintings of ʿAbd al-Rāziq, which is why the costumes and the compositional setting of the paintings have similarities with earlier Persian paintings (e.g., the Zand turbans, the early Qajar style cloth).
Mirza Kadym Irevani's paintings of the Sardar's Palace, as well as "a few of his oil paintings" are kept in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan. [1] Some of his other works are kept in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. [1] Five paintings (Rostam, Sohrab, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Hossein Khan Sardar, and Hasan Khan Qajar) were moved to Georgia after the Russians demolished the Palace in 1914, and are kept in the Oriental arts department of the Art Museum of Georgia. [6]
The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.
Mohammad Shah was the third Qajar shah of Iran from 1834 to 1848, inheriting the throne from his grandfather, Fath-Ali Shah. From a young age, Mohammad Mirza was under the tutelage of Haji Mirza Aqasi, a local dervish from Tabriz whose teachings influenced the young prince to become a Sufi-king later in his life. After his father Abbas Mirza died in 1833, Mohammad Mirza became the crown prince of Iran and was assigned with the governorship of Azarbaijan. After the death of Fath-Ali Shah in 1834, some of his sons including Hossein Ali Mirza and Ali Mirza Zel as-Soltan rose up as claimants to the throne. With the support of English and Russian forces, Mohammad Shah suppressed the rebellious princes and asserted his authority.
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irrevocable ceding of Iran's northern territories in the Caucasus, comprising what is nowadays Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 and the resulting treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. Historian Joseph M. Upton says that he "is famous among Iranians for three things: his exceptionally long beard, his wasp-like waist, and his progeny."
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The Treaty of Turkmenchay was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828). It was second of the series of treaties signed between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that forced Persia to cede or recognize Russian influence over the territories that formerly were part of Iran.
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The Erivan Khanate, also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd, was a khanate that was established in Afsharid Iran in the 18th century. It covered an area of roughly 19,500 km2, and corresponded to most of present-day central Armenia, the Iğdır Province and the Kars Province's Kağızman district in present-day Turkey and the Sharur and Sadarak districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of present-day Azerbaijan.
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Hossein Ali Mirza, a son of Fath-Ali Shah, was the Governor of Fars and pretender to the throne of Qajar Iran.
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