The Kingdom of Libya,known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963,was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa that came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 and lasted until a bloodless coup d'état on 1 September 1969. The coup,led by Muammar Gaddafi,overthrew King Idris and established the Libyan Arab Republic.
Libya–Russia relations are the bilateral relations between the State of Libya and the Russian Federation. Russia has an embassy in Tripoli,with Libya having an embassy in Moscow. Diplomatic contact between Russia and Libya has generally been close and productive,seeing as both countries have had and continue to see volatile relations with the United States. Former Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi was a close ally of the Soviet Union,despite his country's membership in the Non-Aligned Movement. Russia also regards Libya as one of its strongest allies in the Arab world,and has supported stabilization of the country following the aftermath of the Libyan Civil War. After the outbreak of new conflict,Russia has primarily backed the Tobruk-based House of Representatives over the UN-backed Government of National Accord and various other factions.
Egypt and Turkey are bound by strong religious,cultural and historical ties,but diplomatic ties between the two have remained extremely friendly at times and extremely strained at others. For three centuries,Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire,whose capital was Istanbul in modern-day Turkey,despite governor of Egypt,Muhammad Ali,waging war against the Ottoman sultan,Mahmud II,in 1831.
The Arab Spring or the First Arab Spring was a series of anti-government protests,uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in Tunisia in response to corruption and economic stagnation. From Tunisia,the protests then spread to five other countries:Libya,Egypt,Yemen,Syria and Bahrain. Rulers were deposed or major uprisings and social violence occurred including riots,civil wars,or insurgencies. Sustained street demonstrations took place in Morocco,Iraq,Algeria,Lebanon,Jordan,Kuwait,Oman and Sudan. Minor protests took place in Djibouti,Mauritania,Palestine,Saudi Arabia and the Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara. A major slogan of the demonstrators in the Arab world is ash-shaʻb yurīd isqāṭan-niẓām!.
During the early stages of the Libyan Civil War of 2011,the Gaddafi regime was still in power:but there was widespread withdrawal of support from that regime by influential persons and organisations within the country. Among those who no longer supported the regime,the main concern they expressed was what they regarded as its use of excessive force against peaceful protestors. There were many resignations by ministers of the governing council and other senior officials,diplomats posted abroad,and senior military officers. Islamic clerics,tribal leaders,and members of the former royal family expressed their opposition,while the two leading Libyan oil companies also withdrew support for the regime.
The National Transitional Council (NTC) was a transitional government established in the 2011 Libyan civil war. The rebel forces overthrew the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi. The NTC governed Libya for a period of ten months after the end of the war,holding elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012,and handing power to the newly elected assembly on 8 August.
Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally,also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril,was a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the Libyan Civil War,chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council (NTC) from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He also served as the Head of International Affairs. As of July 2012,Jibril was the head of one of the largest political parties in Libya,the National Forces Alliance.
Historically,relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia could be considered as extending several centuries back to the relations between earlier regimes in Egypt –the highly autonomous Egypt Eyalet in the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Egypt –and the earlier manifestations of Saudi/Wahhabi power in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia and Egypt are both highly influential countries in the Arab world. Egypt is the most populous Arab country,and Saudi Arabia is a member of the G20. According to a 2013 Pew global opinion poll,78% of Egyptians express a favourable view of Saudi Arabia,and 19% express an unfavourable view.
The General National Congress or General National Council was the legislative authority of Libya for two years following the end of the First Libyan Civil War. It was elected by popular vote on 7 July 2012,and took power from the National Transitional Council on 8 August.
Hesham Mohamed Qandil is an Egyptian engineer and civil servant who was Prime Minister of Egypt from 2012 to 2013. Qandil was appointed as Prime Minister by President Mohamed Morsi on 24 July 2012 and sworn in on 2 August 2012. Qandil previously served as Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation from 2011 to 2012.
Adnan Mansour is a Lebanese diplomat,politician and the former minister of foreign affairs and emigrants.
Ali Zeidan is a former Prime Minister of Libya. He was appointed by the General National Congress on 14 October 2012,and took office on 14 November after Congress approved his cabinet nominees. Prior to the Libyan Civil War,Zeidan was a Geneva-based human rights lawyer. According to the BBC,he is considered by some local observers as a strong-minded liberal. He was ousted by the parliament committee and fled from Libya on 14 March 2014. However,he told a press conference in Rabat,Morocco,that the ousting was invalid.
Salah Bashir Marghani is a Libyan jurist,and the former justice minister in the post-civil war government of Libya. He was part of Prime Minister Ali Zeidan's initial cabinet and took office on 14 November 2012.
Abdirahman Duale Beyle,also known as Abdirahman D. Beileh,is a Somali economist,professor,politician,philanthropist,poet,and well acclaimed song writer. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Somalia from January 2014 to January 2015;He is currently serving as Minister of Finance of Somalia.
The Libyan civil war (2014–2020),also more commonly known as the Second Libyan Civil War,was a multilateral civil war which was fought in Libya between a number of armed groups,but mainly the House of Representatives (HoR) and the Government of National Accord,for six years from 2014 to 2020.
Egypt–Qatar relations are the bilateral relations between the State of Qatar and the Arab Republic of Egypt. They first began in 1972.
The Government of National Accord was an interim government for Libya that was formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement,a United Nations–led initiative,signed on 17 December 2015. The agreement was unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council,which welcomed the formation of a Presidency Council for Libya and recognized the Government of National Accord as the sole legitimate executive authority in Libya. On 31 December 2015,Chairman of the Libyan House of Representatives,Aguila Saleh Issa declared his support for the Libyan Political Agreement. The General National Congress has criticized the GNA on multiple fronts as biased in favor of its rival parliament the House of Representatives.
This is a detailed timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020) which lasted from 2014 to 2020.
