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The Province of Canada was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. Its formation reflected recommendations made by John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, in the Report on the Affairs of British North America following the Rebellions of 1837–1838.
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The Lower Canada Rebellion, commonly referred to as the Patriots' Rebellion in French, is the name given to the armed conflict in 1837–38 between rebels and the colonial government of Lower Canada. Together with the simultaneous rebellion in the neighbouring colony of Upper Canada, it formed the Rebellions of 1837–38.
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From the independence of the United States until today, various movements within Canada have campaigned in favour of U.S. annexation of parts of or all of Canada. Historical studies have focused on numerous small-scale movements which are helpful in comparisons of Canadian and American politics.
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Thomas Boutillier was a medical doctor, Patriote, and politician in Lower Canada. Elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in 1834, he was a member of the Parti patriote led by Louis-Joseph Papineau, which was challenging the British colonial government of the largely French-speaking province of Lower Canada. When the Lower Canada Rebellion broke out in 1837, he fought on the Patriote side in the Battle of Saint-Charles. Following the Patriotes' defeat, he fled to the United States. He returned to Lower Canada in 1838.
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By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in Ontario as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. As such, the Crown within Ontario's jurisdiction may be referred to as the Crown in Right of Ontario, His Majesty in Right of Ontario, the King in Right of Ontario, or His Majesty the King in Right of Ontario. The Constitution Act, 1867, leaves many functions in Ontario specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the lieutenant governor of Ontario, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the constitutional conventions of constitutional monarchy.
By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in Quebec as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy and constitution. As such, the Crown within Quebec's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of Quebec, His Majesty in Right of Quebec, or the King in Right of Quebec. The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in the province specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the lieutenant governor of Quebec, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy.
The following is an incomplete bibliography of the 1837-1838 insurrections in Lower Canada in the English and French languages, by publication date and document type.
The burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal occurred on the night of April 25, 1849, in Montreal, the then-capital of the Province of Canada. The way the matter was handled by then co-prime ministers of the united Province of Canada, Sir Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin, helped develop the Canadian democratic tradition.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Tetley, William (September 14, 2006), "Cornelius Krieghoff, the Shakspeare Club and the Annexation Manifesto" (PDF), Tetley's maritime & admiralty law website, Montreal, QC, Canada: McGill University , retrieved November 7, 2009,
Equally important and disturbing is the fact that on October 11, 1849 a manifesto (dated September 14, 1849) was presented favouring the annexation of Lower Canada to the United States.
- ↑ Ontario History. Vol. 62. Ontario Historical Society. 1970. p. 41.
- ↑ Patrick Richard Carstens and Timothy L (2013). The Republic of Canada Almost. Xlibris Corporation. p. 352. ISBN 978-1-4797-4915-7.
- 1 2 Monet, Jacques, "Annexation Association", The Canadian Encyclopedia , Toronto, ON, Canada: The Historica Dominion Institute, OCLC 439558183, archived from the original on August 16, 2007, retrieved November 7, 2009,
Annexation Association, founded 1849 to promote Canada-US political union. In October and December it published 2 versions of the "Annexation Manifesto."
- ↑ Publications of the Hudson's Bay Record Society. 1959. p. 795.
- ↑ W.P. Morrell (28 October 2013). British Colonial Policy in the Age of Peel and Russell. Taylor & Francis. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-136-24353-0.
- ↑ Reginald C. Stuart (1988). United States Expansionism and British North America, 1775-1871 . University of North Carolina Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-8078-1767-4.
- ↑ Gordon Martel; Wayne Lavender (16 June 1986). Studies in British Imperial History: Essays in Honour of A.P. Thornton. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-349-18244-2.
