Location | Conakry, Guinea |
---|---|
Opening date | 22 November 1971 |
Dedicated to | Victims of Operação Mar Verde |
The Monument du 22 Novembre 1970 is a monument in Conakry, Guinea that celebrates the defeat of the attempted coup led by Portuguese troops in 1970, named Operation Green Sea. [1]
On 21 November 1970 a group of Portuguese troops assisted by Guinean fighters invaded Conakry from the sea in an attempt to overthrow the Touré regime. They captured Camp Boiro and liberated the prisoners. The camp commandant Siaka Touré managed to hide, but General Lansana Diané, minister of Defense, was captured. He later escaped and took refuge with the ambassador of Algeria.
The coup attempt failed, and in the aftermath many opponents of the regime were rounded up and imprisoned in Camp Boiro. [2]
Construction of the monument began before 22 November 1971 in memory of the victims of the coup attempt. [3] President Sékou Touré laid the foundation stone. The occasion was attended by many Guinean officials, and by Guinean and Chinese workers at the construction site. The Chinese chargé d'affaires Tsao Kouan-lin made a speech praising the militant friendship between the people of Guinea and of China. [4]
The monument has the legend:
MONUMENT DU 22 NOVEMBRE 1970.
LA REVOLUTION EST EXIGENTE!
L´IMPERIALISME TROUVERA SON TOMBEAU EN GUINEE!
(Monument of 22 November 1970. The Revolution is Imperative! Imperialism finds its grave in Guinea!) [5]
The Republic of Guinea Armed Forces are the armed forces of Guinea. They are responsible for the territorial security of Guinea's border and the defence of the country against external attack and aggression.
Conakry is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2014 Guinea census was 1,660,973.
Ahmed Sékou Touré was a Guinean political leader and African statesman who became the first president of Guinea, serving from 1958 until his death in 1984. Touré was among the primary Guinean nationalists involved in gaining independence of the country from France.
Boubacar Diallo Telli was a Guinean diplomat and politician. He helped found the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and was the second secretary-general of the OAU between 1964 and 1972. After serving as Minister of Justice in Guinea for four years he was executed by starvation by the regime of Ahmed Sékou Touré at Camp Boiro in 1977.
Operation Green Sea was an amphibious attack on Conakry, the capital of Guinea, by between 350 and 420 Portuguese soldiers and Portuguese-led Guinean fighters in November 1970. The goals of the operation included the overthrow of Ahmed Sékou Touré's government, capture of the leader of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), Amílcar Cabral, destruction of the naval and air assets of the PAIGC and its Guinean supporters, and the rescue of Portuguese POWs held in Conakry.
Camp Boiro or Camp Mamadou Boiro is a defunct Guinean concentration camp within Conakry city. During the regime of President Ahmed Sékou Touré, thousands of political opponents were imprisoned at the camp. It has been estimated that almost 5,000 people were executed or died from torture or starvation at the camp. According to other estimates, the number of victims was ten times higher: 50,000.
Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo was a Guinean archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church, the son of a Gabonese father and a Guinean mother. He is notable for his eight-year imprisonment during the dictatorship of Sékou Touré.
Ismaël Touré was a Guinean political figure and the half brother of President Ahmed Sékou Touré. He was the chief prosecutor at the notorious Camp Boiro.
Moussa Diakité was a Guinean politician during the presidency of Ahmed Sékou Touré. He was a member of the national Politburo. His wife, Tata Keïta, was half sister of the President's wife Andrée, and his son married the eldest daughter of Ismael Touré, the president's brother.
Loffo Camara was a senior Guinean politician and a member of the Politburo of the First Republic of Guinea in the years immediately following independence. After falling out with the President Sékou Touré, she was dismissed from the cabinet, and later was arrested and executed.
Abdoulaye Touré was a politician in the first Guinean republic. He was arrested after a coup in April 1984, and was executed in July 1985.
Alioune Dramé was a Guinean economist and politician. He also served as an ambassador to Ivory Coast.
Lansana Diané was a general and a minister in the cabinet of Ahmed Sekou Touré, President of Guinea during the First Republic (1958–1984). The military government that took power after Touré's death executed him in 1985.
Alpha Oumar Barry (1925–1977) was a Guinean politician, a member of the cabinet of President Ahmed Sékou Touré in the first Guinean republic, who was later arrested and died at Camp Boiro.
Siaka Touré (1935–1985) was the commandant of Camp Boiro in Conakry, Guinea during the regime of Guinean President Ahmed Sékou Touré. During this period, many of the president's political opponents died in the camp.
Jean-Paul Alata was a Frenchman who was a political prisoner in Camp Boiro, Guinea from January 1971 to July 1975, later writing a book about his experience which was banned by the French government.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Conakry, Guinea.
Mahmoud Bah is a Guinean political activist and writer born to the Fulani tribe. He is best known as one of the figures Amnesty International were eager to release during his imprisonment in the Boiro Mamadou Concentration Camp between 1979 and 1984 after campaigning in France as part of the Rassemblement des Guinéens de l'Extérieur.
Mory Sinkoun Kaba, known as Kaba Mory or MS, was a Guinean businessman and philanthropist. Close to president Sékou Touré, he realised numerous state projects on his behalf.
The 1984 Guinean coup d'état was the bloodless military coup that took place in Guinea on 3 April 1984, led by Colonel Lansana Conté. It led to the deposition of Prime Minister Louis Lansana Beavogui, who had held the office since 1972, and had been serving as interim president since March, when longtime President Ahmed Sékou Touré died during an emergency heart operation at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States.