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Moritz Kaposi (Hungarian : Kaposi Mór, pronounced [ˈkɒpoʃiˈmoːr] ; 23 October 1837 – 6 March 1902) was a physician and dermatologist from the Austro-Hungarian Empire who discovered the skin tumor that received his name (Kaposi's sarcoma).
Born in Kaposvár, Hungary, Austrian Empire, to a Jewish family, originally his surname was Kohn; but, with his conversion to the Catholic faith, he changed it to Kaposi in 1871, in reference to his town of birth. One purported reason behind this is that he wanted to marry a daughter of current dermatology chairman, Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, and advance in the society, which he could not have done being of Jewish faith. This seems unlikely because he married Martha Hebra and converted to Catholicism several years prior to changing his name, by which time he was already well established in the Vienna University faculty and a close associate of her father, Ferdinand. A more plausible explanation is based on his own comments to colleagues that he changed his name to avoid confusion with five other similarly named physicians on the Vienna faculty. Rumors about the sincerity of both his marriage and his concerns about his Jewish ancestry may have arisen through professional jealousy (William Dubreuilh (1857–1935), first professor and chairman of dermatology in Bordeaux: "On disait de Kaposi qu'il avait pris la fille de Hebra, sa maison, sa chaire et sa clientèle, laissant le reste à son beau-frère Hans Hebra." ("It was said of Kaposi that he had taken the daughter of Hebra, his home, his chair and his clientele, leaving the rest to his brother-in-law, Hans Hebra.")[ This quote needs a citation ]
In 1855, Kaposi began to study medicine at the University of Vienna and attained a doctorate in 1861. In his dissertation, titled Dermatologie und Syphilis (1866) he made an important contribution to the field. Kaposi was appointed as professor at the University of Vienna in 1875, and in 1881 he became a member of the board of the Vienna General Hospital and director of its clinic of skin diseases.
Together with his mentor, Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, he authored the book Lehrbuch der Hautkrankheiten (Textbook of Skin Diseases) in 1878. Kaposi's main work, however, was Pathologie und Therapie der Hautkrankheiten in Vorlesungen für praktische Ärzte und Studierende (Pathology and Therapy of the Skin Diseases in Lectures for Practical Physicians and Students), published in 1880, which became one of the most significant books in the history of dermatology, being translated to several languages. He is credited with the description of xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare genetic disorder now known to be caused by defects in nucleotide excision repair ("Ueber Xeroderma pigmentosum. Medizinische Jahrbücher, Wien, 1882: 619–633"). Among other diseases, Kaposi was the first to study lichen scrofulosorum and lupus erythematosus. In all, he published over 150 books and papers. He is widely credited with advancing the use of pathologic examination in the diagnosis of dermatologic diseases.
He died on 6 March 1902 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
His name entered into the history of medicine in 1872, when he described for the first time Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer of the skin, which he had discovered in five elderly male patients and which he initially named "idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma". More than a century later, the appearance of this disease in young gay men in New York City, San Francisco and other coastal cities in the United States was one of the first indications that a new disease, now called AIDS, had appeared. Kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor that is caused by a virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or KSHV, discovered in 1993. Kaposi's sarcoma is now the most commonly reported cancer in parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
According to J. D. Oriel, "in his lifetime, Moritz Kaposi was acknowledged as one of the great masters of the Vienna School of Dermatology, a superb clinician and renowned teacher". [1] While his mentor, Ferdinand von Hebra, is considered the "father of German dermatology", [2] Kaposi was one of the first to establish dermatology on its anatomical pathology scientific basis. He became the chairman of the Vienna School of Dermatology, after Hebra's death in 1880.
The year 1880 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun-exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation. Nervous system problems, such as hearing loss, poor coordination, loss of intellectual function and seizures, may also occur. Complications include a high risk of skin cancer, with about half having skin cancer by age 10 without preventative efforts, and cataracts. There may be a higher risk of other cancers such as brain cancers.
Hermann Oppenheim was one of the leading neurologists in Germany.
Paul Gerson Unna, was a German physician specialized in dermatology and one of the pioneers in dermatopathology.
Ferdinand Karl Franz Schwarzmann, Ritter von Hebra was an Austrian Empire physician and dermatologist known as the founder of the New Vienna School of Dermatology, an important group of physicians who established the foundations of modern dermatology.
The Vienna School of Dermatology was a group of dermatologists affiliated to the University of Vienna who became an important reference in the development of modern dermatology in the second half of the 19th century. It was founded by Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra (1816–1888) with the collaboration of his mentor, Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky (1804–1878) and Carl Wedl (1815–1891), a pathologist with interest in skin diseases. Their pupils, Isidor Neumann (1832–1906), Salomon Stricker (1834–1898), Heinrich Auspitz (1834–1885), Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902), all of the same generation; and Paul Gerson Unna (1850–1929) and Salomon Ehrmann (1854–1926), continued the tradition. Unna later became the father of German dermatopathology.
Ernest Henri Besnier was a French dermatologist and medical director of the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris.
Isidor Neumann, Edler von Heilwart was a dermatologist from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Adolf Jarisch was an dermatologist from the Austro-Hungarian Empire who specialized in the care of venereal disease. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, an inflammatory response that he noted following treatment for syphilis, is partially named after him. Jarisch was the father of a noted pharmacologist, Adolf Jarisch Jr.
Carl Heitzmann was a pathologist and dermatologist in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Anton Elfinger was an Austrian physician and illustrator.
Friedrich Wilhelm Felix von Bärensprung, sometimes Baerensprung, often shortened to Felix von Bärensprung was a German dermatologist and entomologist, known for his research into tinea cruris, herpes zoster and syphilis.
Josef Kyrle was an Austrian pathologist and dermatologist who was a native of Schärding.
Salomon Ehrmann was a Jewish-Austrian dermatologist and histologist born in the village of Ostrovec, today part of the Czech Republic. He was an important member of the so-called Vienna School of Dermatology, a group founded by Ferdinand von Hebra (1816–1888).
Karl Kreibich was an Austrian dermatologist born in Prague.
Ernst Kromayer was a German dermatologist. He was the younger brother of historian Johannes Kromayer (1859–1934).
Johann Heinrich Rille was an Austrian dermatologist and venereologist.
Gustav Riehl was an Austrian dermatologist.
Leo von Zumbusch was an Austrian-German dermatologist. He was the son of sculptor Kaspar von Zumbusch (1830–1915).
The Atlas der Hautkrankheiten was an influential work in the field of dermatology, published in ten editions between 1856 and 1876.
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