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The 30 June protests occurred in Egypt on 30 June 2013,marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration as president. The events ended with the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état after mass protests across Egypt demanding the immediate resignation of the president. The rallies were partly a response to Tamarod,an ostensibly grassroots movement that launched a petition in April 2013,calling for Morsi and his government to step down. Tamarod claimed to have collected more than 22 million signatures for their petition by June 30,although this figure was not verified by independent sources. A counter-campaign in support of Morsi's presidency,named Tagarod,claimed to have collected 26 million signatures by the same date,but this figure was also unverified and not mentioned in media nearly as much as Tamarod's,with no reliable sources repeating it. The movements in opposition to Morsi culminated in the June 30 protests that occurred across the country. According to the Egyptian military,which calculated the number of protesters via helicopter scans of demonstration perimeters across the country,the June 30 protests had 32 million protesters,making them "the biggest protests in Egypt's history." However,independent observers raised concerns that the Egyptian government exaggerated the actual number of anti-Morsi protestors,with some research determining that only around one to two million people protested across the country against Morsi.
Protests against the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état erupted in July 2013. Immediately following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi by the Egyptian Armed Forces on 3 July 2013 amid demonstrations against Morsi's rule,many protesters amassed near the Rabia Al-Adawiya Mosque to call for Morsi's return to power and condemn the military,while others demonstrated in support of the military and interim government. Deadly clashes such as Rabaa massacre continued for several days,with three particularly bloody incidents being described by officials as "massacres" perpetrated by security forces. During the month of Ramadan,prime minister Hazem al-Beblawy threatened to disperse the ongoing Pro-Morsi sit-ins in Rabaa al-Adaweya square and al-Nahda square. The government crackdown of these protests occurred in a violent dispersal on 14 August 2013. In mid-August,the violence directed by the army towards the protesters escalated,with hundreds killed,and the government declaring a month-long nighttime curfew.
The Freedom and Justice Party is an Egyptian Islamist political party. The ex-president of the party,Mohamed Morsi,won the 2012 presidential election,and in the 2011 parliamentary election it won more seats than any other party. It is nominally independent,but has strong links to the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt,the largest political group in Egypt. The party was banned and dissolved in 2014;however,it continues to function underground.
References
- 1 2 Matt Bradley (6 January 2013). "Egypt Shakes Up Cabinet" . The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
- 1 2 3 "The appointment of Dr. "El Morsi Hegazy," Finance minister". Alexandria University. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ↑ Stephen Glain (1 February 2013). "Egypt's economy deteriorates amid growing protests against Morsi". Institutional Investor. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- 1 2 Enein, Ahmed Aboul (6 January 2013). "New faces likely in Cabinet" (PDF). Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- 1 2 "Egypt cabinet reshuffle seeks to allay fears of economic collapse". Middle East Online. 6 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ↑ Borzou Daragahi; Abeer Allam (6 January 2013). "Morsi reshuffles cabinet" . Financial Times. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ↑ Hauslohner, Abigail (6 January 2013). "Egypt's Morsi remakes cabinet, increasing Islamist presence". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ↑ Fouly, Mahmoud (6 January 2013). "Egypt's 10-minister cabinet reshuffle meets with opposition dissatisfaction". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- "News Analysis: Egypt's 10-minister cabinet reshuffle meets with opposition dissatisfaction". JSChina. 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2013. - ↑ "Egypt's Morsi Brings More Islamists into Cabinet". Voice of America. Reuters. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
- "Nine new ministers announced in Egypt cabinet reshuffle". Ahram Online. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013. - ↑ Saleh, Heba (7 May 2013). "Egyptian finance minister fired as Morsi reshuffles cabinet" . Financial Times. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
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