Mughalchak

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Mughalchak
Town
Country Pakistan
Province Punjab
District Gujranwala

Mughalchak is a town in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan.

Contents

History

Mughalchak was the ancestral seat of the Sikh Mann Sardars. The village is situated in what was originally a fort, with four burjes. [1] The ancestral territories of the Mann Sardars of Mughalchak also included Qila Shabdev Singh, Qila Mihan Singh, Qila Didar Singh, and Maan. In reference to this family, Lepel H. Griffin footnotes that "there is a saying, well known in the country, to the effect that three families in the Panjab, Attariwala, Mann, and Majithia, have possessed the greatest number of remarkable men. The Attariwala Sardars are brave and faithless. The Mann Sardars, handsome, gallant and true; the Majithias, wise and timid." [2]

Hari Ram Gupta accounts that in mid-eightheenth century, in order to establish and strengthen the Sukerchakia Misl, Ranjit Singh's grandfather Charat Singh made four major matrimonial alliances, one of which was made with the Mann Sardars of Mughalchak. [3] Sardar "Charat Singh's son Mahan Singh was married to the daughter of Sardar Jai Singh Mann of Mogalchak". [4] Sardar Jai Singh Mann [5] was the Sardar of the Mughalchak Misal, [6] and led his forces alongside Sardar Charat Singh, the Sardar of the Sukerchakia Misl, in the military expeditions of Tsa Khel, Pindi Bhattiari, Gujrat, and Sialkot. [7] [8] Sardar Jai Singh Mann, with his younger brothers, Sardar Nar singh Mann, Sardar Mana Singh Mann, and Sardar Pahar Singh Mann, also marched with his forces to Jammu with Sardar Maha Singh when in 1780 the Sukerchakia and Mogalchak forces defeated Raja Brij Raj Deo. [9] The union of marriage between the Sardar Charat Singh's son and Sardar Jai Singh Mann's daughter helped unite Mogalchaks and Sukerchakias, keeping in line with sardar Charat Singh's bid to strengthen the Sukerchakias misal. [10] Other key matrimonial alliances made by Sardar Charat Singh were as with the Sardars Sohel Singh and Sahib Singh of the Bhangi Misl, and Sardar Dal Singh of Akālgarh. [11]

Lepel H. Griffin records that the Mann Sardars were very powerful and continued to hold great prestige and fame even after the rise of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and "at one point there were no fewer than twenty-two members of it holding key military appointments of great trust and honour". [12] Griffin further articulates that Ranjit Singh "often used to say that the Man Sardars were his "Wari Ka Tewar"," interpreted by Griffin as either 'the jewels of his court' or 'his best suit of clothes'. [13]

The Mann Sardars were very much at the centre of, and fought both the Anglo-Sikh Wars between 1845 and 1849. General S. Rattan Singh Mann and Sardar Kahn Singh Mann led their own brigades of artillery, infantry and cavalry during the battles of Sobraon, Ferozeshah, Mudki, and Aliwal. [14] A letter during the Second Anglo-Sikh War was intercepted by Captain James Abbott, the Assistant Resident, on deputation to Huzara, on 16 August 1848 from Sardar Chattar Singh Attariwalla to Sardar Budh Singh Mann in which Sardar Chhatar Singh stated that "I raised this mutiny in the name of the family of Maun" [15]

The Mann Sardars of Mughalchak and Mananwala have several recognised cadet branches which are the once powerful houses of Bhagga under Sardar Amar Singh Mann, Ramnagar, Malwa, Manawala in Amritsar, and include Sardar Kahn Singh Mann. [16] Denzil Ibbetson notes that "the ‘mirasis’ or bards of the Mán Sardars of Mughalchak-Mananwala state that the whole of the Mán, Bhular and half the Her tribe of Rajputs were the earliest kshatriya immigrants from Rajputana to the Punjab. Due to which, the Mán, Bhúlar, and Her tribes (section 435) are known as the asl or ‘original’." [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Rani Raj Kaur was the wife of Maha Singh, the leader of the Sukerchakia Misl and the mother of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire. She was affectionately known as Mai Malwain after her marriage. She is also referred to as Sardarni Raj Kaur and was daughter of Raja Gajpat Singh Sidhu of Jind.

Sardarni Desan Kaur Waraich, also known as Mai Desan was the regent of the Sukerchakia Misl during the minority of her son from 1770. She was the wife of Sardar Charat Singh and the mother of Sardar Maha Singh. Her grandson, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was the founder of the Sikh Empire.

Maan or Mann is an Indian surname used by the Jat people in the states of Punjab and Haryana.

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Sardar Ran Singh Nakai was the third chief of the Nakai Misl. He was born to the Sandhu family of Jat Sikhs. He distinguished himself at an early age in campaigns with his father, Natha Singh Sandhu and uncle, the legendary Heera Singh Sandhu who was the founder of the Misl. Ran Singh was a fierce warrior and a powerful misldar; under his leadership the misl was at its highest. He was the father of Maharani Datar Kaur and the father-in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire. He was the grandfather of Maharaja Kharak Singh, the second king of the Sikh Empire and Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai, the last chief of the Nakai Misl.

Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai was the sixth and last chief of the Nakai Misl. He was the grandson of the famous Sikh chief, Ran Singh Nakai and Sardarni Karmo Kaur. His aunt, Maharani Datar Kaur was one of the wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire. From an early age he assisted his father in campaigns and even commanded campaigns assigned to him by his uncle, Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His cousin, Kharak Singh went to become the second Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. He was the uncle of the third Maharaja, Nau Nihal Singh.

Sardarni Karam Kaur popularly known as Karmo Kaur was the wife of Ran Singh Nakai, the third ruler of the Nakai Misl. She served as the regent of the Nakai Misl during the reign of her sons, Bhagwan Singh and Gyan Singh. She was the mother of Maharani Datar Kaur, one of the wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire. She was the grandmother of Maharaja Kharak Singh, the second king of the Sikh Empire and Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai, the last chief of the Nakai Misl.

Mian Ghaus Khan, also known as Mian Ghausa, was a Punjabi Muslim of Arain descent who served as an artillery officer of the Sukerchakia Misl under Sardar Maha Singh. After Maha Singh's death, Ghaus Khan served his son, Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire. Ghaus Khan's son, Sultan Mahmud Khan and grandson, Sultan Ahmad Ali Khan, too served in the Sikh Khalsa Army.

References

  1. ↑ "Mughalchak history". Wand Punjab di 1947.
  2. ↑ Griffin, Lepel H. (1865). The Punjab Chiefs. Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Punjab Government. Lahore: T.C. McCarthy,-Chronicle Press, 1865. p. 91.
  3. ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram. History of the Sikhs. Vol. IV: Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misls. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1982. p. 304. ISBN   978-8121501651.
  4. ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram. History of the Sikhs. Vol. IV: Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misls. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1982. p. 304. ISBN   978-8121501651.
  5. ↑ "Moghalchak". Jat Chiefs. 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  6. ↑ Hoti, Prem Singh. Khalsa Raj de Usraiyye. Lahore, 1942.
  7. ↑ Griffin, Lepcl. The Punjab Chiefs. Lahore, 1865.
  8. ↑ "Jai Singh Man". The Sikh Encyclopaedia. 19 October 2019.
  9. ↑ McGregor, W.L. The History of the Sikhs. [Reprint] Patiala, 1970.
  10. ↑ Prinsep, Henry T. Origin of the Sikh Power in the Punjab and Political Life of Maharaja Ranjit. Singh. Calcutta, 1834.
  11. ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram. History of the Sikhs. Vol. IV: Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misls. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1982. p. 304. ISBN   978-8121501651.
  12. ↑ Griffin, Lepel H.; Massey, Charles Francis (1910). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab: A Revised Edition of "The Punjab Chiefs," Sir Lepel H. Griffin, K.C.S.I., and of "The Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab," by Colonel Charles Francis Massey, Indian Staff Corps The Punjab Chiefs. Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Punjab Government. Lahore: Revised and Corrected, under the orders of the Punjab Government by W. L. Conran, Major, Indian Army, and H. D. Craik, Indian Civil Service, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1910. pp. 105–106.
  13. ↑ Griffin, Lepel H.; Massey, Charles Francis (1910). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab: A Revised Edition of "The Punjab Chiefs," Sir Lepel H. Griffin, K.C.S.I., and of "The Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab," by Colonel Charles Francis Massey, Indian Staff Corps The Punjab Chiefs. Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Punjab Government. Lahore: Revised and Corrected, under the orders of the Punjab Government by W. L. Conran, Major, Indian Army, and H. D. Craik, Indian Civil Service, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1910. p. 111.
  14. ↑ Singh, Amarinder Singh (2011). The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar. Delhi: Roli.
  15. ↑ "Journals And Diaries Of The Assistant To The Agent, Government -general North-west Frontier And Resident At Lahore 1846-1849". Internet Archive. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  16. ↑ Griffin, Lepel H.; Massey, Charles Francis (1910). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab: A Revised Edition of "The Punjab Chiefs," Sir Lepel H. Griffin, K.C.S.I., and of "The Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab," by Colonel Charles Francis Massey, Indian Staff Corps The Punjab Chiefs. Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Punjab Government. Lahore: Revised and Corrected, under the orders of the Punjab Government by W. L. Conran, Major, Indian Army, and H. D. Craik, Indian Civil Service, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1910. pp. 105–106.
  17. ↑ Ibbetson, Denzil (1916). Panjab Castes. Lahore: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab. p. 119.

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