Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions.
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation or simply as the subjects of the federation, are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia. Since March 18, 2014, the Russian Federation constitutionally has consisted of 85 federal subjects, although the two most recently added subjects are recognized by most states as part of Ukraine.
The State Duma, commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma, is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house is the Council of the Federation. The Duma headquarters are located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved by the Russian public in a referendum.
Russian President Boris Yeltsin established the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations, MChS, or internationally as EMERCOM on January 10, 1994. One school of thought traces the origins of the agency to December 27, 1990, when the RSFSR established the Russian Rescue Corps and assigned it the mission of rapid response in the case of emergencies.
Ilya Valeryevich Yashin is a Russian activist and liberal politician, one of the key leaders of the political party RPR-PARNAS (2012–2016), co-founder and one of the leaders of the political movement Solidarnost. He is also the leader of the Moscow branch of the RPR-PARNAS, in which Solidarnost participates. In 2005 he was one of the founders of the civic youth movement Oborona. He was an active participant in Dissenters' Marches and the rallies "For Fair Elections". In 2012 he was elected to the Russian Opposition Coordination Council.
The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, sometimes shortened to Civic Chamber, is a consultative civil society institution with 168 members created in 2005 in Russia to analyze draft legislation and monitor the activities of the parliament, government and other government bodies of Russia and its Federal Subjects. It has a role similar to an oversight committee and has consultative powers. A convocation of the chamber is in power for a three-year term.
The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the Prime Minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government the Russian Federation".
The Extreme North or Far North is a large part of Russia located mainly north of the Arctic Circle and boasting enormous mineral and natural resources. Its total area is about 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi), comprising about one-third of Russia's total area. Formally, the regions of the Extreme North comprise the whole of Yakutia, Magadan Oblast, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Krai and Murmansk Oblast, as well as certain parts and cities of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Republic, Tyumen Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, as well as all islands of the Arctic Ocean, its seas, the Bering Sea, and the Sea of Okhotsk.
The Federation of Green Lists or Green Lists was a green political party in Italy. Its members included Gianni Mattioli, Lino De Benetti, Gianfranco Amendola, Alexander Langer, Enrico Falqui, Sauro Turroni and Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio. The Green Lists used the Smiling Sun symbol of the anti-nuclear movement, which was inherited by its successor party, the Federation of the Greens.
Patriots of Russia is a left-wing nationalist and socialist political party in Russia. It was established in April 2005 by Gennady Semigin, who was expelled from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation after he failed in a power struggle with Gennady Zyuganov.
United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG); French: Cités et Gouvernements Locaux Unis (CGLU); Spanish: Ciudades y Gobiernos Locales Unidos (CGLU); is an umbrella organisation for cities, local and regional governments, and municipal associations throughout the world. United Cities and Local Governments was founded in 2004, when the existing local government organisations - the International Union of Local Authorities (IULA) and the United Towns Organisations (UTO) – united their respective global networks of cities and national associations of local governments in a single organisation. United Cities and Local Governments' headquarters, the World Secretariat, is based in Barcelona, Spain. UCLG is the largest organization of sub-national governments in the world, with over 240,000 members in over 140 UN Member States and understands itself as the united voice and world advocate of democratic local self-government, de facto representing over half the world's population, the cities and association members of UCLG are present in over 120 UN Member States across seven world regions: The organization's activities include hosting meetings of mayors and other local and regional leaders, advocacy for the interests of local and regional governments at the UN, and international peer-to-peer training on local policies and practices.
Historical regions are geographic areas which at some point in time had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political basis, regardless of present-day borders. They are used as delimitations for studying and analysing social development of period-specific cultures without any reference to contemporary political, economic or social organisations.
The fundamental principle underlying this view is that older political and mental structures exist which exercise greater influence on the spatial-social identity of individuals than is understood by the contemporary world, bound to and often blinded by its own worldview - e.g. the focus on the nation-state.
Regional football federations of Ukraine is associated members of Football Federation of Ukraine in regions of Ukraine.
A referendum on the future of the Soviet Union was held on 17 March 1991. The question put to voters was
National dairy producers union (SOYUZMOLOKO), is a nonprofit organization created in March 2008 by milk producers of Russia in order to ensure cost-effective conditions for milk production, provide timely information for the members of the Union on the situation of the dairy industry, stimulate milk quality improvement and efficiency of milk production in Russia, as well as to represent and protect Union members interests at state and municipal authorities, public and international organizations.
The All-Russia People's Front, known by its Russian initialism ONF, is a political coalition in Russia started in 2011 by then-Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin to provide United Russia with "new ideas, new suggestions and new faces". It is intended to be a formal alliance between the ruling party and numerous Russian nongovernmental organizations. On 12 June 2013, Putin was elected its leader.
Vadim Anatolevich Gustov is a Russian politician who served as first deputy prime minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999 and a regional leader.
Vladimir Pavlovich Polevanov is a former Russian politician who served as a Deputy Chairman of Government of the Russian Federation during the administration of President Boris Yeltsin. He was also chairman of the State Property Committee and governor of the Amur Oblast.
The Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the highest permanent and only legislative body of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Together with the executive and judicial branches, the Okrug's Duma is vested with power to control the Okrug's own affairs with high levels of autonomy from Moscow. All members are elected by public vote and are titled as deputies. Deputies currently have a five-year tenure.
The Ivanovo Oblast Duma is the only and supreme legislative unicameral body of Ivanovo Oblast.
