Musicogenic epilepsy

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Musicogenic epilepsy
Specialty Neurology

Musicogenic epilepsy is a form of reflex epilepsy with seizures elicited by special stimuli. [1] [2]

It has probably been described for the first time in 1605 by the French philosopher and scholar Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609). [3] Later publications were, in the eighteenth century, among others, by the German physician Samuel Schaarschmidt, [4] in the nineteenth century 1823 by the British physician John C. Cooke, [5] 1881 by the British neurologist and epileptologist William Richard Gowers, [6] as well as in 1913 by the Russian neurologist, clinical neurophysiologist and psychiatrist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev. [7] In 1937 the British neurologist Macdonald Critchley coined the term for the first time [8] and classified it as a form of reflex epilepsy. [9]

Most patients have temporal lobe epilepsy. [10] Listening, probably also thinking or playing, [11] of usually very specific music with an emotional content triggers focal seizures with or without loss of awareness, occasionally also evolving to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

Although musicality is at least in non-musicians predominantly located in the right temporal lobe, the seizure onset may also be left-hemispherical. Of the approximately 100 patients reported in the literature so far, about 75% had temporal lobe epilepsy, women were slightly more affected, and the mean age of onset was about 28 years. [12] Ictal EEG and SPECT findings [13] [14] as well as functional MRI studies [15] localized the epileptogenic area predominantly in the right temporal lobe. Treatment with epilepsy surgery leading to complete seizure freedom has been reported. [16] [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

A headache is often present in patients with epilepsy. If the headache occurs in the vicinity of a seizure, it is defined as peri-ictal headache, which can occur either before (pre-ictal) or after (post-ictal) the seizure, to which the term ictal refers. An ictal headache itself may or may not be an epileptic manifestation. In the first case it is defined as ictal epileptic headache or simply epileptic headache. It is a real painful seizure, that can remain isolated or be followed by other manifestations of the seizure. On the other hand, the ictal non-epileptic headache is a headache that occurs during a seizure but it is not due to an epileptic mechanism. When the headache does not occur in the vicinity of a seizure it is defined as inter-ictal headache. In this case it is a disorder autonomous from epilepsy, that is a comorbidity.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Occipital epilepsy</span> Medical condition

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Musicogenic seizure, also known as music-induced seizure, is a rare type of seizure, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 10,000,000 individuals, that arises from disorganized or abnormal brain electrical activity when a person hears or is exposed to a specific type of sound or musical stimuli. There are challenges when diagnosing a music-induced seizure due to the broad scope of triggers, and time delay between a stimulus and seizure. In addition, the causes of musicogenic seizures are not well-established as solely limited cases and research have been discovered and conducted respectively. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the mechanism behind musicogenic seizure is that music triggers the part of the brain that is responsible for evoking an emotion associated with that music. Dysfunction in this system leads to an abnormal release of dopamine, eventually inducing seizure.

Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy (MMPSI) is a rare epileptic syndrome that onsets before 6 months of age, commonly in the first few weeks of life. Once seizures start, the site of seizure activity repeatedly migrates from one area of the brain to another, with few periods of remission in between. These seizures are 'focal' (updated term for 'partial'), meaning they do not affect both sides of the brain at the same time. These continuous seizures cause damage to the brain, hence the descriptor 'malignant.'

References

  1. ↑ Stern, John (2015). "Musicogenic epilepsy". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 129: 469–477. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62630-1.00026-3. ISBN   9780444626301. ISSN   0072-9752. PMID   25726285.
  2. ↑ "music and epilepsy". Epilepsy Society. 2015-08-10. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
  3. ↑ Scaliger JJ. Le Loirier’s Treatise of Spectres (1605; cited after Critchley 1937)
  4. ↑ Schaarschmidt A, Hrsg. D(r.) Samuel Schaarschmidts Medicinischer und Chirurgischer Nachrichten sechster Theil, mit einem Register nebst einer Vorrede versehen. Berlin, J. J. Schütz 1748: 93–97
  5. ↑ Cooke J. History and Method of Cure of the Various Species of Epilepsy: Being the Second Part of the Second Vol of: A Treatise on Nervous Diseases. London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown 1823; Reprint: Birmingham, Alabama, The Classics of Medicine Library, Gryphon Editions 1984: 63
  6. ↑ Gowers WR. Epilepsy and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases: Their Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. London, J. & A. Churchill 1881
  7. ↑ Bechterev VM. O reflektornoi epilepsi pod oliyaniemevyookovich razdrazheniye [Artikel in Russisch] Obozrenie Psichiat Nevrol 1914; 15: 513–520
  8. ↑ Critchley M. Musicogenic epilepsy. Brain 1937; 60: 13–27
  9. ↑ "Musicogenic epilepsy and epileptic music: a seizure's song (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
  10. ↑ Kaplan PW. Musicogenic epilepsy and epileptic music: a seizure’s song. Epilepsy Behav 2003; 4: 464–473
  11. ↑ Sutherling WW, Hershman LM, Miller JQ, Lee SI. Seizures induced by playing music. Neurology 1980; 30: 1001–1004
  12. ↑ Rose, Frank Clifford (2010). Neurology of Music. World Scientific. ISBN   9781848162686.
  13. ↑ Wieser HG, Hungerbühler H, Siegel AM, et al. Musicogenic epilepsy: review of the literature and case report with ictal single photon emission computed tomography. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 200–207
  14. ↑ Gelisse P, Thomas P, Padovani R, et al. Ictal SPECT in a case of pure musicogenic epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2003; 5: 133–137
  15. ↑ Marrosu F, Barberini L, Puligheddu M, et al. Combined EEG/fMRI recording in musicogenic epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2009; 84: 77–81
  16. ↑ Tayah TF, Abou-Khalil B, Gilliam FG et al. Musicogenic seizures can arise from multiple temporal lobe foci: intracranial EEG analyses of three patients. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 1402–1406
  17. ↑ Hoppner AC, Dehnicke C, Kerling F, Schmitt FC. Zur Neurobiologie musikogener Epilepsien – resektiv operierte Patienten und funktionelle MRT-Untersuchungen. Z Epileptol 2016; 29: 7–15
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