Myra Adele Logan | |
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Born | 1908 Tuskegee, Alabama, US |
Died | January 13, 1977 68–69) New York City, US | (aged
Education |
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Known for | First woman to perform open heart surgery |
Medical career | |
Profession | Surgeon |
Institutions |
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Myra Adele Logan (1908 - January 13, 1977) is known as the first African American female physician, surgeon, and anatomist to perform a successful open-heart surgery. Following this accomplishment, Logan focused her work on children's heart surgery and was involved in the development of the antibiotic Aureomycin which treated bacterial, viral, and rickettsial diseases with the majority of her medical practice done at the Harlem Hospital in New York. Logan attended medical school during the pre–Civil Rights era. The majority of black female physicians in this time period were forced to attend segregated schools. Earning a medical degree as an African American woman during this time period was extremely difficult.
Apart from her work as a medical professional, Logan also dedicated her time to organizations such as the NAACP, Planned Parenthood, and the New York State Commission on Discrimination. [1]
Myra Adele Logan was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1908, to Warren and Adella Hunt Logan. She was the youngest of eight children and sister to Arthur R. Logan. [2] Her mother was college-educated and involved in the suffrage and health care movements. Her father was treasurer and trustee of Tuskegee Institute and the first staff member selected by Booker T. Washington. Logan's primary school education was conducted at Tuskegee's Laboratory, the Children's house. After graduating with honors from Tuskegee High School, she attended a historically black college, Atlanta University, and graduated as valedictorian of her class in 1927. She then moved to New York and attended Columbia University, where she earned her M.S. degree in psychology. She worked for the YWCA in Connecticut before opting for a career in medicine. [3] Logan was the first person to receive a four-year $10,000 Walter Gray Crump Scholarship [4] that was exclusively for aiding African-American medical students to attend New York Medical College. She graduated from medical school in 1933. [5] She was the second female African American intern at Harlem Hospital in New York and did her surgery residency there. [2] [6] [7]
While working at Harlem Hospital, Logan met and married painter Charles Alston on April 8, 1944. [5] Alston was working on a mural project at the hospital and he featured Logan as his model for work Modern Medicine. In the oil canvas painting, Logan appears as a nurse holding a baby. [8] The project was intended to combine the fact of there being a lack of African American physicians during this time with the maternal gender role placed on women as well. [9] Alston included her alongside Dr. Louis Wright who was the first African American physician at Harlem Hospital and Louis Pasteur in this work, showcasing the advancement of Western medicine with African American and Caucasian healthcare professionals working side by side. [10]
That mural has been restored and can be viewed at the Harlem Hospital Gallery.
Outside of her career, Logan was a renowned classical pianist. After her retirement in 1970 and later served on the New York State Workmen's Compensation Board. On January 13, 1977, Logan died of lung cancer at Mount Sinai Hospital at the age of 68. [5]
Logan spent the majority of her career as an associate surgeon at the Harlem Hospital. She remained a surgeon past her term's completion. [11] She was also a visiting surgeon at the Sydenham Hospital, and did all this while maintaining her own private practice. [12] In 1943, Logan became the first woman to perform bypass surgery, an open-heart surgical procedure, which was the ninth of its kind in the world at the time. [12] [13] This was when she began dedicating her career towards children's heart surgery alongside developing the antibiotic Aureomycin. [2] [12] In 1951, Logan was elected as a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. [12]
She worked with a team of doctors who effectively treated 25 lymphogranuloma venereum patients with the developed Aureomycin. After four days of Aureomycin treatment, the gland size of eight patients with buboes had reduced. [14] Logan published these results in the Archives of Surgery and the Journal of American Medical Surgery; she also published results for her research with Puromycin in multiple journals and archives. She also worked with fellow Harlem Hospital physician, Dr. Louis T. Wright, on antibiotic research. [14]
In the 1960s, she dedicated her time towards researching treatments for breast cancer which led to the development of x-ray technology processes that detected the differences in tissue density more accurately; this allowed for earlier and easier detection of breast cancer as well as other types of tumors. [12]
The upper Manhattan Medical Group of the Health Insurance Plan (HIP) was one of the first few group practices within the United States, and Logan helped found the practice as well as serve as the treasurer. Logan worked within NAACP's Health Committee, the New York State Fair Employment Practice Committee, the National Cancer Committee, and the National Medical Association Committee. [5]
Logan was committed to social issues despite her busy schedule as a surgeon. During her career, she was a member of the New York State Committee on Discrimination, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and Planned Parenthood. During Governor Thomas E. Dewey's administration, Logan served as a member of the New York State Commission on Discrimination. She and 7 other members resigned from the commission in 1944 when Dewey shelved legislation they drafted in regards to anti-discrimination. [3] [2] She was an active member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. [15]
In 1970, upon retiring, she served on the New York State Workmen's Compensation Board. [1]
Charles Henry Alston was an American painter, sculptor, illustrator, muralist and teacher who lived and worked in the New York City neighborhood of Harlem. Alston was active in the Harlem Renaissance; Alston was the first African-American supervisor for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. Alston designed and painted murals at the Harlem Hospital and the Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building. In 1990, Alston's bust of Martin Luther King Jr. became the first image of an African American displayed at the White House.
New York Medical College is a private medical school in Valhalla, New York. Founded in 1860, it is a member of the Touro University System.
Halle Tanner Dillon Johnson was an American physician and the first woman to be licensed as a physician in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Patricia Era Bath was an American ophthalmologist and humanitarian. She became the first female member of the Jules Stein Eye Institute, the first woman to lead a post-graduate training program in ophthalmology, and the first woman elected to the honorary staff of the UCLA Medical Center. Bath was the first African-American to serve as a resident in ophthalmology at New York University. She was also the first African-American woman to serve on staff as a surgeon at the UCLA Medical Center. Bath was the first African-American woman doctor to receive a patent for a medical purpose. A holder of five patents, she founded the non-profit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness in Washington, D.C.
Harlem Hospital Center, branded as NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem, is a 272-bed, public teaching hospital affiliated with Columbia University. It is located at 506 Lenox Avenue in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City and was founded on April 18, 1887.
Louis Tompkins Wright was an American surgeon and civil rights activist. In his position at Harlem Hospital he was the first African-American on the surgical staff of a non-segregated hospital in New York City. He was influential for his medical research as well as his efforts pushing for racial equality in medicine and involvement with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which he served as chairman for nearly two decades.
Georgette Seabrooke, was an American muralist, artist, illustrator, art therapist, non-profit chief executive and educator. She is best known for her 1936 mural, Recreation in Harlem at Harlem Hospital in New York City, which was restored and put on public display in 2012 after being hidden from view for many years.
Dr Dorothy Lavinia Brown, also known as "Dr. D.", was an African-American surgeon, legislator, and teacher. She was the first female surgeon of African-American ancestry from the Southeastern United States. She was also the first African American female to serve in the Tennessee General Assembly as she was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives. While serving in the House of Representatives, Brown fought for women's rights and for the rights of people of color.
The Logan family are African Americans descended from Warren Logan and his wife Adella Hunt Logan. The family has become part of the educated, professional black elite in the United States.
Elba Lightfoot (1906-1989) was an African-American artist known for her work on the Works Progress Administration (WPA) murals at Harlem Hospital.
Barbara J. Justice-Muhammad is an American forensic and clinical psychiatrist as well as a surgical oncologist. The first African-American woman to be trained in general surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. She worked at Harlem Hospital, Abundant Life Clinic, and Memorial Sloane Kettering sites in New York City. She is well known for her long-running New York radio show, Medical View and You, and was honored in 1996 when Mayor David Dinkins proclaimed a citywide Barbara Justice Day for her contribution to the community's health.
Gladys Lounsbury Hobby, born in New York City, was an American microbiologist whose research played a key role in the development and understanding of antibiotics. Her work took penicillin from a laboratory experiment to a mass-produced drug during World War II.
Dr. Velma Scantlebury GCM also Velma Scantlebury-White is a Barbadian-born American transplant surgeon. She was the first Black woman transplant surgeon in the United States. She has received many honors in her career, having been named to both the "Best Doctors in America" and "Top Doctors in America" lists multiple times.
Ruth Logan Roberts was a suffragist, activist, YWCA leader, and host of a salon in Harlem, New York City.
Rosalyn P. Scott is an American thoracic surgeon known for her work in education and for being the first African-American woman to become a thoracic surgeon.
Adella Hunt Logan was an African-American writer, educator, administrator and suffragist. Born during the Civil War, she earned her teaching credentials at Atlanta University, an historically black college founded by the American Missionary Association. She became a teacher at the Tuskegee Institute and became an activist for education and suffrage for women of color. As part of her advocacy, she published articles in some of the most noted black periodicals of her time.
Gladys Maud Sandes Alston was an Irish surgeon and venereologist and the first woman surgeon at the London Lock Hospital in 1925. Inspired by Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, she became an active member of the medical community and published widely on venereal diseases like syphilis and the treatment of children after sexual assault.
Gene-Ann Polk Horne, known professionally as Gene-Ann Polk, was an American physician and hospital administrator, director of pediatric ambulatory care at Harlem Hospital, and a professor of pediatrics at Columbia University.
Arthur C. Logan was a surgeon. The year after he died, the 1862-founded Knickerbocker Hospital was renamed in his memory; he had been a member of New York City's Health and Hospitals Corporation and was also described as a civic leader. In 1970, he was honored, with attendees including the Governor, a future governor, an ambassador, and many others.
Haber, Louis (1979). Women pioneers of science. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0152992026. OCLC 731559034.