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Posts and telecommunications have long played an essential role in Lebanon, a small country with an expansive diaspora, a vivid media landscape, and an economy geared toward trade and banking. The sector's history has nonetheless been chaotic, marked by conflict but also, and perhaps most importantly, a deeply rooted legacy of state control, weak competition, and intense politicization. A combination of poor services and high prices culminated in popular protests against the government's attempt, in October 2019, to tax the widely used messaging service WhatsApp. The anger this measure triggered captured a more general sense of dissatisfaction, and contributed to tipping the country into a protracted crisis. Civil unrest coincided with Lebanon's default on its ballooning debt; in the ensuing economic collapse, telecommunications have been among the infrastructure most affected.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Semaan, Myrna T. (fl. 2002)". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
- 1 2 Stoughton, India (9 November 2013). "Mired in confusion in the Adonis Valley". The Daily Star (Beirut, Lebanon). ProQuest 1449477483.
- ↑ Semaan, Myrna T.; Haber, Ricardius M. (2002). "Ballota byblensis (Lamiaceae), a New Species from Lebanon". Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden. 14: 489–492 – via Biodiversity Library.
- ↑ Haber, Ricardius M.; Semaan, Myrna T. (2004). "Salvia fairuziana (Lamiaceae), a New Species from Lebanon". Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden. 14: 437–439 – via Biodiversity Library.
- ↑ Haber, Ricardus M.; Semaan, Myrna T. (2002). "Phlomis tathamiorum (Lamiaceae), a New Species from Lebanon". Novon. 12 (1): 50. doi:10.2307/3393238. JSTOR 3393238.
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