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Mária Schmidt | |
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Born | 10 October 1953 Budapest |
Spouse | András Ungár |
Children | Anna Péter |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Eötvös Loránd University |
Academic work | |
Main interests | Theory of history,totalitarianism,Holocaust |
Mária Schmidt (born 10 October 1953) is a Hungarian historian and university lecturer. In 2016 she holds the office of the Government Commissioner of the Memorial Year of the 1956 Revolution,Director-General of the 20th Century Institute,the 21st Century Institute and the House of Terror Museum.
She was born in 1953. She graduated from Eötvös Loránd University as a secondary school teacher of History and German language and literature. She earned her doctorate in 1985 and subsequently her PhD in 1999. From 1996 she worked as the assistant professor of Pázmány Péter Catholic University where she became an associate professor in 2000,and she earned her habilitated doctoral degree in 2005. She has been a university full professor since 2010. As a holder of postgraduate research scholarships and visiting professorships,Dr. Schmidt has spent time at the Universities of Vienna and Innsbruck,Oxford,Paris,the Berlin Technische Universität,Tel-Aviv,as well as at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Authority,Jerusalem,and the universities at New York and Bloomington,IN and at the Hoover Institute,Stanford,CAL. She was Chief Advisor to the Hungarian Prime Minister between 1998 and 2002. She is the Director-General of the 20th Century Institute,the 21st Century Institute and the House of Terror Museum. Since 2002 she has been a board member of the international Ettersberg Foundation established with the aim of carrying out comparative research on 20th-century European dictatorships and democratic transitions. She has been the chairperson of the Scientific Advisory Board of the First World War Centennial Committee since 2013.
Schmidt was awarded a Széchényi-prize in 2014. She is Dame of Honor of the Order of St. George. [1]
Her research interests include the history of the Hungarian Jews after 1918,the history of Hungary under the dictatorships and dictatorships in the twentieth century. She has written articles such as "Noel Field—The American Communist at the Center of Stalin's East European Purge:From the Hungarian Archives." She is the author of various books:in her book titled Kollaborációvagy kooperáció? (Collaboration or Cooperation?) she investigated issues concerning the Jewish Council of Budapest and in the Diktatúrák ördögszekerén (The Devil's Wagon of Dictatorships) she analyses certain questions of the history of dictatorships. She edited several books,one of which was co-edited with György Markóunder the title Europe’s Fraternal War 1914–1918,which was published in 2014. All is Moving on the Western Front was published in 2014,and her latest book Veszélyzónában on roles,games and chances was published in 2016. A number of her books deal with the 1956 Revolution and its legacy. [2] [3]
She is of Transylvanian Saxon descent through his father. [4]
She was married to the Hungarian billionaire András Ungár,who died in 2006. They had two children,Anna and Péter. Péter is a leading member of the Hungarian party LMP –Hungary's Green Party. [5]
Schmidt's scholarship and relationship to successive governments of Hungary has come under intense criticism in the English and Hungarian public press and among scholars. The Daily Beast calls her "the leader of a movement to rewrite the Holocaust". [6] She has been called a "Holocaust revisionist" by historian Laszlo Karsai and was removed from involvement in Budapest's Holocaust Center and Memorial Museum,after a boycott from Yad Vashem. [7] [8]
Andras Heisler,president of the Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities,criticised Schmidt's "untrustworthy account of Holocaust history",resigning from the project. [9] Randolph L. Braham,leading scholar of the Holocaust in Hungary,returned his honors from the Hungarian government and also criticized her for the "wave of historical revisionism bolstered by Schmidt's work". [10]
Yad Vashem is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered;echoing the stories of the survivors;honoring Jews who fought against their Nazi oppressors and gentiles who selflessly aided Jews in need;and researching the phenomenon of the Holocaust in particular and genocide in general,with the aim of avoiding such events in the future. Yad Vashem's vision,as stated on its website,is:"To lead the documentation,research,education and commemoration of the Holocaust,and to convey the chronicles of this singular Jewish and human event to every person in Israel,to the Jewish people,and to every significant and relevant audience worldwide."
Mount Herzl,also Har ha-Zikaron,is the site of Israel's national cemetery and other memorial and educational facilities,found on the west side of Jerusalem beside the Jerusalem Forest.
Jane Mathison Haining was a Scottish missionary for the Church of Scotland in Budapest,Hungary,who was recognized in 1997 by Yad Vashem in Israel as Righteous Among the Nations for having risked her life to help Jews during the Holocaust.
The Vrba–Wetzler report is one of three documents that comprise what is known as the Auschwitz Protocols,otherwise known as the Auschwitz Report or the Auschwitz notebook. It is a 33-page eye-witness account of the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust.
The Aid and Rescue Committee,or Va'adat Ha-Ezrah ve-ha-Hatzalah be-Budapesht was a small committee of Zionists in Budapest,Hungary,in 1944–1945,who helped Hungarian Jews escape the Holocaust during the German occupation of that country. The Committee was also known as the Rescue and Relief Committee,and the Budapest Rescue Committee.
The Glass House was a building used by the Swiss diplomat Carl Lutz to help Jews in Budapest during the Holocaust.
The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (1990) has been called "the most recognized reference book on the Holocaust". It was published in an English-language translated edition by Macmillan in tandem with the Hebrew language original edition published by Yad Vashem,the Holocaust Remembrance Authority in Israel. All its contributors are reputable Holocaust scholars and academics. Although the encyclopedia is easy to read and use and contains no disturbing pictures,it is not recommended for users younger than high school age.
David H. Kranzler was an American professor of library science at Queensborough Community College,New York,who specialized in the study of the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust.
Randolph Lewis Braham was an American historian and political scientist,born in Romania,Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the City College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. A specialist in comparative politics and the Holocaust,he was a founding board member of the academic committee of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM),Washington,D.C.,and founded The Rosenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies at the Graduate Center in 1979.
Joanna Beata Michlic is a Polish social and cultural historian specializing in Polish-Jewish history and the Holocaust in Poland. An honorary senior research associate at the Centre for Collective Violence,Holocaust and Genocide Studies at University College London (UCL),she focuses in particular on the collective memory of traumatic events,particularly as it relates to gender and childhood.
Dina Porat is an Israeli historian. She is professor emeritus of modern Jewish history at the Department of Jewish History at Tel Aviv University and the chief historian of Yad Vashem.
Holocaust studies,or sometimes Holocaust research,is a scholarly discipline that encompasses the historical research and study of the Holocaust. Institutions dedicated to Holocaust research investigate the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary aspects of Holocaust methodology,demography,sociology,and psychology. It also covers the study of Nazi Germany,World War II,Jewish history,antisemitism,religion,Christian-Jewish relations,Holocaust theology,ethics,social responsibility,and genocide on a global scale. Exploring trauma,memories,and testimonies of the experiences of Holocaust survivors,human rights,international relations,Jewish life,Judaism,and Jewish identity in the post-Holocaust world are also covered in this type of research.
Livia Rothkirchen was a Czechoslovak-born Israeli historian and archivist. She was the author of several books about the Holocaust,including The Destruction of Slovak Jewry (1961),the first authoritative description of the deportation and murder of the Jews of Slovakia.
The Oradea ghetto was one of the Nazi-era ghettos for European Jews during World War II. It was located in the city of Oradea in Bihor County,Transylvania,now part of Romania but administered as part of Bihar County by the Kingdom of Hungary from the 1940 Second Vienna Award's grant of Northern Transylvania until late 1944. The ghetto was active in the spring of 1944,following Operation Margarethe.
The Holocaust in Hungary was the dispossession,deportation,and systematic murder of more than half of the Hungarian Jews,primarily after the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944.
Jan Zbigniew Grabowski is a Polish-Canadian professor of history at the University of Ottawa,specializing in Jewish–Polish relations in German-occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust in Poland.
Barbara Engelking is a Polish psychologist and sociologist specializing in Holocaust studies. The founder and director of the Polish Center for Holocaust Research in Warsaw,she is the author or editor of several works on the Holocaust in Poland.
Pinchas Freudiger,also Fülöp Freudiger,Philip von Freudiger was a Hungarian-Israeli manufacturer and Jewish community leader.
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LászlóFerenczy was a lieutenant colonel in the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie and member of its "central dejewification unit" during World War II and the Holocaust.
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