The Pinwheel Galaxy is a face-on spiral galaxy 21 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and was communicated that year to Charles Messier, who verified its position for inclusion in the Messier Catalogue as one of its final entries.
Messier 107 or M107, also known as NGC 6171, is a very loose globular cluster in a very mildly southern part of the sky close to the equator in Ophiuchus, and is the last such object in the Messier Catalogue.
Omega Centauri is a globular cluster in the constellation of Centaurus that was first identified as a non-stellar object by Edmond Halley in 1677. Located at a distance of 17,090 light-years, it is the largest-known globular cluster in the Milky Way at a diameter of roughly 150 light-years. It is estimated to contain approximately 10 million stars, and a total mass equivalent to 4 million solar masses, making it the most massive-known globular cluster in the Milky Way.
Messier 62 or M62, also known as NGC 6266, is a globular cluster of stars in the south of the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus. It was discovered in 1771 by Charles Messier, then added to his catalogue eight years later.
Messier 69 or M69, also known NGC 6637, is a globular cluster in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It can be found 2.5° to the northeast of the star Epsilon Sagittarii and is dimly visible in 50 mm aperture binoculars. The cluster was discovered by Charles Messier on August 31, 1780, the same night he discovered M70. At the time, he was searching for an object described by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1751–2 and thought he had rediscovered it, but it is unclear if Lacaille actually described M69.
Messier 70 or M70, also known as NGC 6681, is a globular cluster of stars to be found in the south of Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1780. The famous comet Hale–Bopp was discovered near this cluster in 1995.
Messier 75 or M75, also known as NGC 6864, is a giant globular cluster of stars in the southern constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780 and included in Charles Messier's catalog of comet-like objects that same year.
Messier 78 or M78, also known as NGC 2068, is a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780 and included by Charles Messier in his catalog of comet-like objects that same year.
NGC 7822 is a young star forming complex in the constellation of Cepheus. The complex encompasses the emission region designated Sharpless 171, and the young cluster of stars named Berkeley 59. The complex is believed to be some 800–1000 pc distant, with the younger components aged no more than a few million years. The complex also includes one of the hottest stars discovered within 1 kpc of the Sun, namely BD+66 1673, which is an eclipsing binary system consisting of an O5V that exhibits a surface temperature of nearly 45,000 K and a luminosity about 100,000 times that of the Sun. The star is one of the primary sources illuminating the nebula and shaping the complex's famed pillars of creation-type formations, the elephant trunks.
NGC 248 is an emission nebula in the constellation Tucana. It is in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It was discovered in 1834 by the astronomer John Frederick William Herschel. NGC 248 is about 60 light-years long and 20 light-years wide.
NGC 6293 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Ophiuchus. Its Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is IV. It was discovered by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift on 8 July 1885. Like many other globular clusters, its distance is not well known; it may be anywhere from 31000 to 52000 light-years away from Earth.
NGC 6316 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Ophiuchus. Its Shapley-Sawyer Concentration Class is III, meaning that it has a "strong inner core of stars" and was discovered by the German-born British astronomer William Herschel on 24 May 1784. It is at a distance of about 37,000 light years away from the Earth. NGC 6316 has a metallicity of -0.45; this means that its ratio of hydrogen/helium to other elements is only 35% that of the Sun, but still enough to be considered a "metal-rich" globular cluster.
NGC 6356 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Ophiuchus. It is designated as a II in the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class and was discovered by the German-born British astronomer William Herschel on 18 June 1784. The star cluster is more dense and bright towards the middle. NGC 6356 is located 80' north east of the brighter NGC 6333. It is at a distance of 49,600 light years away from Earth.
NGC 6380 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Scorpius. It was originally discovered by James Dunlop in 1826, and he named it Dun 538. Eight years later, in 1834, it was independently rediscovered by John Herschel and he named it H 3688. The cluster was re-rediscovered in 1959 by Paris Pişmiş, who catalogued it as Tonantzintla 1 — and referred to it as Pişmiş 25. Until the 1950s NGC 6380 was thought to be an open cluster. It was A. D. Thackeray who realised that it was in fact a globular cluster. Nowadays, this cluster is reliably recognised in widely available catalogues as a globular cluster, and referred to simply as NGC 6380.
NGC 6717 is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius, and is a member of the Palomar Globular Clusters group. Palomar 9 was discovered by William Herschel on August 7, 1784. It is located about 7,300 parsecs away from Earth.
NGC 3921 is an interacting galaxy in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. Estimates using redshift put it at about 59 million light years from Earth. It was discovered on 14 April 1789 by William Herschel, and was described as "pretty faint, small, round" by John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue.
IC 2395 is an open cluster in the constellation Vela.
NGC 4860 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered on 21 April 1865 by Heinrich Louis d'Arrest.
NGC 4503 is a barred lenticular galaxy located around 41 to 74 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4503 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4503 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.
NGC 3402, also known as NGC 3411, is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Hydra. The object was discovered on March 25, 1786 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. NGC 3402 is the largest galaxy in the eponymous NGC 3402 cluster.
