Nagalim movement

Flag of Naga people

Proposed coat of arms

The Nagalim movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a country for the Naga people in the Naga-majority areas of the Indian states of Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh and the Naga Self-Administered Zone of the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. ^{[1] [2]}

History

The Naga people have a long history of resistance against British colonial rule and later the Indian government. ^{[3] [4]} The Naga National Council (NNC) was formed on 2 May 1956 to spearhead the movement for Naga independence. ^{[5] [6]} A plebiscite was held, and 99% of Nagas voted for independence as a separate country. ^[7] In 1947, the Naga National Council declared Naga independence on 14 August, a day before India's independence from British rule. ^[8]

Naga National Movement

The Naga National Movement is the political movement that seeks to establish Nagalim as a sovereign state. It has been marked by armed conflict between Naga insurgents and the Indian government. ^[9] The movement has undergone several phases, including a ceasefire agreement signed between the Government of India and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) in 1997. ^{[10] [11]}

Naga National Council

The Naga National Council (NNC) is the political organization that initially^{[ when? ]} led the Naga independence movement. ^{[12] [13]} It was founded in 1946 at Sanis (in present-day Wokha district) by T. Aliba Imti Ao, Angami Zapu Phizo, T. Sakhrie and other Naga leaders. ^{[14] [15]} The NNC's declaration of Naga independence in 1947 led to armed resistance against Indian rule. ^[16] Over the years, the NNC has split into various factions, with the NSCN ^[17] being one of the prominent groups. ^{[18] [19]}

Nagalim's Engagement with Myanmar

The Naga insurgency in India has counterparts in Myanmar, where Naga rebels have been fighting for greater autonomy in the Naga Hills. ^[20] The Naga Self-Administered Zone in Myanmar is a result of negotiations between the Myanmar government and Naga rebel groups. ^[21] Naga National groups are also aligned with Kachin Independence Army and the Chin National Army, in fighting the Tatmadaw, or the Myanmar's Military. ^{[22] [23]}

Proposal of a Federal Wesean State

In recent years, there have been discussions about the formation of a federal Wesean state ^{[24] [ failed verification ][ full citation needed ]} that would include Nagalim as one of its constituent regions. This proposal envisions a political entity that would bring together various ethnic groups in the region, including the Nagas, in a federal arrangement that respects their distinct identities and aspirations. ^{[25] [ failed verification ]}

References

1. "UNPO: Nagalim". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO). 9 May 2024.
2. "Nagalim - Greater Nagaland". www.satp.org. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
3. "Colonial rule in the Naga Hills: A legacy of exploitation and resilience". The Indian Express. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
4. Wouters, Jelle J. P. (16 April 2025), "Colonialism and the Creation of Two Naga Hills Districts in Assam and Burma" , Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.920, ISBN   978-0-19-027772-7 , retrieved 11 May 2025
5. Karmakar, Rahul (14 August 2023). "Centre acknowledged Nagas' right to integration: Muivah". The Hindu.
6. A Summary of the Naga conflict with India and Burma
7. "Naga Plebiscite marks pivotal moment in history of Nagalim: UNC". The Frontier Manipur. 17 May 2024.
8. PTI (14 August 2024). "Why do we celebrate the Naga Independence Day?". Nagaland Tribune. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
9. "17. India/Nagas (1947-present)". Dynamic Analysis of Dispute Management Project (Report). University of Central Arkansas, Government, Public Service and International Studies. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
10. Singh, Bikash (11 May 2024). "NSCN-IM warns of human rights crisis in Nagalim amid talks". The Economic Times. ISSN   0013-0389.
11. "A peek into the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah)". The Hindu. 9 August 2015. ISSN   0971-751X.
12. volunteer, Burma Link (6 February 2018). "The 72nd Anniversary of NNC Formation Day". Burma Link. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
13. ""Tale" of the Naga: Story in a Nutshell -". 4 October 2001. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
14. "'NNC this unique history of the Nagas'". MorungExpress. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
15. F oundation-day-of-federal-government-of-nagaland/
16. "Foundation Day of Federal Government of Nagaland". MorungExpress. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
17. Bhattacharyya, Rajeev (10 June 2017). "S.S. Khaplang, Naga Rebel Who Became One of the Indian Army's Deadliest Foes". The Wire.
18. Chhonkar, Pradeep Singh (2018). "Quest for Nagalim: Mapping of Perceptions Outside Nagaland". CLAWS Journal. 11 (2): 80–97. ISSN   2319-5177.
19. Misra, Udayon (1978). "The Naga National Question". Economic and Political Weekly. 13 (14): 618–624. ISSN   0012-9976. JSTOR   4366506.
20. "Naga national movement in Eastern part of Nagaland". MorungExpress. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
21. Kotwal, Dinesh (July 2000). "The Naga Insurgency: The Past And The Future". Strategic Analysis. XXIV (4) – via ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu.
22. Zarleen, Arianna (23 August 2014). "'One Day the World Will Recognise Our Sovereignty': Naga". Burma Link. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025.
23. MPM (23 March 2024). ""The army has kept the Naga region in the dark so that the people can't understand the system we are fighting now. I would like to say that because of this, not only access to ammunition but also our livelihood is difficult." (interview with Bo Lin Yone, NPDF)". Burma News International.
24. "United National Liberation Front of Wesea". The Economic Times.
25. Said, Coinbar on (20 April 2023). "Nagaland: The Beginning of Insurgency - I". Indian Defence Review.