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The respiratory tract is the subdivision of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration in mammals. The respiratory tract is lined with respiratory epithelium as respiratory mucosa.
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue,along with connective tissue,muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin,continuous,protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellular matrix. Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body,as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis,the outermost layer of the skin.
In anatomy,a nasal concha,plural conchae,also called a nasal turbinate or turbinal,is a long,narrow,curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals. The conchae are shaped like an elongated seashell,which gave them their name. A concha is any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in vertebrates.
This article describes the anatomy of the head and neck of the human body,including the brain,bones,muscles,blood vessels,nerves,glands,nose,mouth,teeth,tongue,and throat.
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles,bones,ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin,and it is very similar to pig skin. Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles,it can appear hairless. There are two general types of skin,hairy and glabrous skin (hairless). The adjective cutaneous literally means "of the skin".
The human nose is the most protruding part of the face. It bears the nostrils and is the first organ of the respiratory system. It is also the principal organ in the olfactory system. The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages,including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two. On average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female.
Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials. Because of quantum size effects and large surface area to volume ratio,nanomaterials have unique properties compared with their larger counterparts that affect their toxicity. Of the possible hazards,inhalation exposure appears to present the most concern,with animal studies showing pulmonary effects such as inflammation,fibrosis,and carcinogenicity for some nanomaterials. Skin contact and ingestion exposure are also a concern.
Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are isolated elements located in epithelia of the apparatuses of endodermic origin. In the aquatic vertebrates,SCCs are also present in the skin. In oral cavity,SCCs precedes the development of taste buds. For long time,SCCs were considered to be typical of aquatic vertebrates. Recently,these elements were also demonstrated in mammals.
The pharynx is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity,and above the oesophagus and trachea. It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates,though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food and air to the esophagus and larynx respectively. The flap of cartilage called the epiglottis stops food from entering the larynx.
Kathleen Blake Yancey is the Kellogg W. Hunt Professor of English at Florida State University in the rhetoric and composition program. Her research interests include composition studies,writing knowledge,creative non-fiction,and writing assessment.
M. Katherine Banks is an American engineer and the 26th president of Texas A&M University as of June 1,2021,having been nominated for the position on March 3,2021,and confirmed by the Board of Regents on March 31,2021. She is an Elected Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers,was elected in 2014 to the National Academy of Engineering,and was formerly the Jack and Kay Hockema Professor at Purdue University. Her research interests include applied microbial systems,biofilm processes,wastewater treatment and reuse,and phytoremediation bioremediation. She received her Ph.D. in 1989 from Duke University.
Jessica O. Winter is an American bioengineer. She is a Professor of Chemical,Biomolecular,and Biomedical Engineering and an Associate Director of the MRSEC Center for Emergent Materials at the Ohio State University. Her research interests include nanoparticles for cancer imaging,diagnostics,and drug delivery;and cell migration in the brain tumor microenvironment. In 2021,she was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering,Biomedical Engineering Society,and Royal Society of Chemistry.
Beatrice Marie Riviere is a computational and applied mathematician. She is the Noah Harding Chair and Professor in the department of computational and applied mathematics at Rice University. Her research involves developing efficient numerical methods for modeling fluids flowing through porous media.
Susan M. Kauzlarich is an American chemist and is presently a distinguished professor of Chemistry at the University of California,Davis. At UC Davis,Kauzlarich leads a research group focused on the synthesis and characterization of Zintl phases and nanoclusters with applications in the fields of thermoelectric materials,magnetic resonance imaging,energy storage,opto-electronics,and drug delivery. Kauzlarich has published over 250 peer-reviewed publications and has been awarded several patents. In 2009,Kauzlarich received the annual Presidential Award for Excellence in Science,Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring,which is administered by the National Science Foundation to acknowledge faculty members who raise the membership of minorities,women and disabled students in the science and engineering fields. In January 2022 she became Deputy Editor for the scientific journal,Science Advances.
Vicki Wysocki is an American scientist. She is a professor and an Ohio Eminent Scholar at Ohio State University,and also the Director of the Campus Chemical Instrument Center.
Betsy BangnéeGarrett (1912–2003) was an American biologist,scientific and medical illustrator. She also translated folk tales from Bengali to English. Her scientific work was notable for her finding that many bird species have a sense of smell,a question that had long remained unsettled. Her works included Functional Anatomy of the Olfactory System in 23 Orders of Birds,published in 1971.
Talat Shahnaz Rahman is a Pakistani condensed matter physicist whose research topics include surface phenomena and excited media,including catalysis,vibrational dynamics,and magnetic excitations. She has also helped develop molecules that can "walk" across a solid surface by moving one part of the molecule while keeping another part attached to the surface. She is UCF Pegasus Professor of Physics at the University of Central Florida.
Stephanie Lee Brock is an American chemist who is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Wayne State University. Her research considers metal pnictides and chalcogenide nanomaterials. She is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Chemical Society.
Mary Louise Marazita is an American geneticist. She is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine.
Alyssa Panitch is an American biomedical engineer. She is a Professor and Department Chair in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University. Panitch focuses on designing biopolymers that improve tissue healing and regeneration by researching intracellular and extracellular approaches to direct molecular and cellular processes.
References
- ↑ "Dr. Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere". Kansas State University. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- 1 2 3 Rai, Vishwas; Michniak-Kohn, Bozena R. (2014). "An Interview with Dr. Nancy Monteiro-Riviere, Director of the Nanotechnology Innovation Center at Kansas State University". Controlled Release Society. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ↑ "Names in the news". The News & Observer. February 11, 1982. Retrieved March 22, 2022– via newspapers.com.
- ↑ Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A.; Popp, James A. (January 1984). "Ultrastructural characterization of the nasal respiratory epithelium in the rat". American Journal of Anatomy . 169 (1): 31–43. doi:10.1002/aja.1001690103. PMID 6720609 . Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- 1 2 Bascall, Monte (August 23, 1989). "Developing humane animal tests". The News & Observer. Retrieved March 22, 2022– via newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Scientists stress research on chemicals is non-military". The News & Observer. May 21, 1989. Retrieved March 22, 2022– via newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Rice, NC State win NAS/Keck Futures funding". Eurekalert. April 15, 2005. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ↑ "Repetitive motion speeds nanoparticle uptake". Eurekalert. January 4, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ↑ Shipman, Matt (July 2, 2008). "Study Shows Quantum Dots Can Penetrate Skin Through Minor Abrasions". North Carolina State University. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ↑ "Purdue announces inaugural Distinguished Women Scholars". Purdue University. February 23, 2011. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- 1 2 "Two Internationally-Recognized Scientists Accept Appointments in Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University". Newswire. March 14, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ↑ "2017 Faculty and Professional Staff Retiree Ceremony and Reception". Kansas State University. March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
