The Bavand dynasty,or simply the Bavandids,was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349,alternating between outright independence and submission as vassals to more powerful regional rulers. They ruled for 698 years,which is the second longest dynasty of Iran after the Baduspanids.
Tabaristan or Tabarestan,was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran,which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th-century onwards.
The Baduspanids or Badusbanids,were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665,and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran,it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains.
Jalal al-Dawla Iskandar was the ruler (ustandar) of the Baduspanids from 1333 to 1360. Under his rule,the kingdom reached its zenith. Taking advantage of the collapse of the Mongol Ilkhanate in 1335,he expanded his rule into the southern Alborz,ruling an area stretching from Qazvin to Simnan. In 1346,he founded the town of Kojur and conquered the region of Daylam. In 1360,he was mortally wounded by his bodyguard during a ruckus at a drinking party. He died three days later,and was succeeded by his brother Fakhr al-Dawla Shah-Ghazi.
Shah-Kaykhusraw was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1310 to 1328. He was the brother and successor of Shahriyar V.
Iskandar-i Shaykhi,was an Iranian ispahbad from the Afrasiyab dynasty,who ruled Amul as a Timurid vassal from 1393 to 1403. He was the youngest son of Kiya Afrasiyab,who had initially established his rule in eastern Mazandaran from 1349 to 1359,but was defeated and killed by the local shaykh Mir-i Buzurg,who established his own dynasty—the Mar'ashis—in the region. Together with some supporters and two nephews of his father,Iskandar initially took refuge in Larijan,but later left for Herat,where entered into the service of the Kartid ruler Ghiyath al-Din II.
The Qarinvand dynasty,or simply the Karenids,was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (Mazandaran) in northern Iran from the 550s until the 11th-century. They considered themselves as the inheritors of the Dabuyid dynasty,and were known by their titles of Gilgilan and Ispahbadh. They were descended from Sukhra,a Parthian nobleman from the House of Karen,who was the de facto ruler of the Sasanian Empire from 484 to 493. The Qarinvand dynasty is also considered to be the one of the last Zoroastrian dynasties before the rise of the Islamic Iranian dynasties
Hasan I,was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1165 to 1173. He was the son and successor of Shah Ghazi Rustam IV. He was murdered in 1173 by his Turkic slave-soldiers (ghilman) and was succeeded by his son Ardashir I.
Ruyan,later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار),was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran,a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran.
Kayumarth I was the ruler (ustandar) of the Baduspanids from 1394 to 1453,with a three-year interruption. An active expansionist ruler,his kingdom experienced a resurgence during his long reign,which included the reconquest of Rustamdar. He was often at odds with his suzerain,the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh. After his death,a dynastic struggle followed,which resulted in his kingdom being split up by his sons Iskandar IV and Ka'us II,in Kojur and Nur respectively.
Fakhr al-Dawla Shah-Ghazi was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1360 to 1379. He is notable for sponsoring the composition of the history chronicle Tarikh-i Ruyan by Awliya Allah Amuli. He died in 1379 and was succeeded by his son Adud al-Dawla Qubad.
Adud al-Dawla Qubad was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1379 to 1381.
Sayyid Fakhr al-Din was a Mar'ashi prince,who ruled the region of Rustamdar from 1381 to 1390. He shared power with his three other brothers;Kamal al-Din I in Sari;Rida al-Din in Amul;and Sharaf al-Din in Karatughan. Together,they ruled a realm encompassing all of Mazandaran,reaching as far west to the city of Qazvin. They had inherited this realm from their father Mir-i Buzurg,the founder of the Mar'ashis.
Sa'd al-Dawla Tus was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1390 to 1394. He was a son of ustandar Taj al-Dawla Ziyar.
Taj al-Dawla Ziyar was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1325 to 1333. He succeeded to the throne after instigating the murder of his predecessor and brother Nasir al-Din Shahriyar through his son Iskandar.
Ostandar or Ustandar was an administrative title wielded by provincial governors under the Sasanian Empire. They governed the royal lands,known as the ostan. The title was later assumed by the Baduspanids of Ruyan,starting with Shahriyar III ibn Jamshid.
Shams al-Muluk Muhammad was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1312/3 to 1317. He was the son and successor of Kay Khusraw.
Kay Khusraw was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1301/2 to 1312/3. He was the brother and successor of Namawar Shah Ghazi.
Namawar Shah Ghazi was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1272/3 to 1301/2. He was the son and successor of Shahragim.
Baduspan I or Padusban I was the first Ispahbad and the founder of Baduspanid state. He reigned approximately from 665 to 694.
