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The National Archives of Costa Rica is a decentralized institution of the Ministry of Culture and Youth. It is the governing body of the National Archival System, which manages Costa Rica's documentary heritage and collaborates in the control of the country's notarial activities. Its goals are to preserve and allow access to the documentary history of Costa Rica in a transparent and sustainable way.
The National Archives was founded by León Fernández Bonilla on July 23, 1881, under the government of Salvador Lara. It was located in a private house until 1883, when it was moved to the National Palace . In the early years of the Archives' history, staff and facilities were inadequate and the documents were disorganized and in poor condition. Conditions began to improve once the Archives was moved to the Universidad de Santo Tomás in 1889. In 1902, the "Primer Reglamento de los Archivos Nacionales" ("First Regulation of the National Archives") was enacted, providing technical guidelines for the classification and organization of the documents. In 1936, the first issue of the National Archive Magazine was published. [1]
José Luis Coto Conde, who was director of the National Archives from 1948 to 1980, has been credited with revitalizing and modernizing the institution. [2] [3]
In 1957, the Archives was relocated to the María Cristina building in San José. Support from the Organization of American States (OEA) and the Organization of the United Nations for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO) enabled the National Archives to send staff internationally, mainly to Argentina and Spain, to develop and modernize their skills. Act 5574 on September 17, 1974 created a board of directors for the Archives and finally established a source of permanent funding. Earlier attempts at funding the institution had included an archive stamp in 1934, which was unsuccessful at its goal of funding the creation of a purpose-built site for the Archives. [1]
The National Archive System was created by Act 7202, which was signed into law on October 24, 1990. This law established a legal framework for the National Archives, making it the country's largest Historical Archives and placing it as the governing body of the National Archive System. It also established the Comisión Nacional de Selección y Eliminación de Documentos (CNSED) ("National Commission for the Selection and Elimination of Documents"), as an advisory body to the Directorate General of the National Archives in order to establish regulations concerning the assessment and preservation or elimination of documents. [4]
In 1993, the National Archives was moved to a modern building in Zapote. The construction, which was divided into four phases, was finally completed in 2017. [1]
The National Archive has stood out at international level, actively participating with international archival organizations, such as the Intergovernmental Committee of the Iberarchivos Program; the Regional Committee for Latin America and the Caribbean of UNESCO's Memory of the World program; the Steering Committee of the Latin American Association of Archives, which had a Costa Rican as chair for the first time between 1999 and 2003; and the International Council on Archives’ Steering Committee, among others. The institution has also participated in the Sinergia-ALA network since 2014, promoting the joint dissemination of information coming from various archives of Ibero-America, through social networks.[ citation needed ]
The Historical Archive is the largest of its kind in the country. It contains all documents, in any format, that have been declared of scientific and cultural value by the Comisión Nacional de Selección y Eliminación de Documentos (CNSED) (National Commission for the Selection and Elimination of Documents). Most materials in the Historical Archive are textual, but it also holds photographic, film, and digital materials. The Archive offers various services related to the consultation, reproduction, and loan of documents, as well as archival training and conservation workshops, and a variety of notarial services. [5]
One of the spaces attended most by the public is the José Luis Coto Conde Consulting Room, where it's possible to access over 7 linear kilometres of documents. The information is organized as approximately 150 documentation collections, of which 93 are public, 16 private, 25 individual, and 18 collections, besides graphics and museographic documents. Additional to this, there are over 220,000 photographs, as well as 54,000 maps and blueprints. The Historical Archive holds documents dating back to 1539.[ citation needed ]
The Notarial Archive contains legal documents that have been declared to be of scientific and cultural value by the CNSED and which date from 1960 onwards. In addition to preserving and controlling access to these documents, archivists with the Notarial Archive annotate and correct notarial documents and conduct studies on behalf of public institutions such as the Office of the Attorney General, the Comptroller General, the National Registry, and the National Notary Directorate. [6]
The External Archival Services Department offers support to institutions in the National Archive System. It performs inspections of archives when requested by the archives themselves or when necessary, such as upon the relocation or closure of an institution. It also provides consulting services when necessary for archives that do not have experienced personnel, and produces documentation on archives best practices. This department is also responsible for the Intermediate Archives, which holds documents of administrative and legal value that have been transferred from institutions that have closed, as well as those documents from government ministries, the Office of the President, and the Governing Council that are judged to be relevant under Act 7202. [7]
The Revista del Archivo Nacional (RAN) ("National Archive Magazine") is a double-blind, peer-reviewed academic journal. Founded by Ricardo Fernández Guardia in 1936, it is the second-oldest scientific publication in Costa Rica. It was first published online in 2018 and has published exclusively online since 2019. [8] English-language abstracts are available in more recent editions.
San José is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica, and the capital of the province of the same name. It is in the center of the country, in the mid-west of the Central Valley, within San José Canton. San José is Costa Rica's seat of national government, focal point of political and economic activity, and major transportation hub. San José Canton's population was 288,054 in 2011, and San José's municipal land area is 44.2 square kilometers, with an estimated 333,980 residents in 2015. Together with several other cantons of the central valley, including Alajuela, Heredia and Cartago, it forms the country's Greater Metropolitan Area, with an estimated population of over 2 million in 2017. The city is named in honor of Joseph of Nazareth.
The Costa Rican Football Federation, also known as FEDEFUTBOL or FEDEFUT, is the official association football governing body in Costa Rica and is in charge of the Costa Rica national football team and the Costa Rica women's national football team.
Luis Antonio Marín Murillo is a Costa Rican former professional footballer, who played as a centre-back, and former captain of the Costa Rica national team. He is currently the manager of Pérez Zeledón.
Coto Brus is a canton in the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica. The head city is in San Vito district.
Costa Rica's official and predominant language is Spanish. The variety spoken there, Costa Rican Spanish, is a form of Central American Spanish.
The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is the document by which the Mexican Empire declared independence from the Spanish Empire. This founding document of the Mexican nation was drafted in the National Palace in Mexico City on September 28, 1821, by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, secretary of the Provisional Governmental Board.
This is a record of Costa Rica's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II.
Italian Costa Ricans are Costa Rican-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Costa Rica during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Costa Rica. Most of them reside in San Vito, the capital city of the Coto Brus Canton. Both Italians and their descendants are referred to in the country as tútiles. There were over 380,000 Costa Ricans of Italian descent, corresponding to about 7.5% of Costa Rica's population, while there were around 2,300 Italian citizens.
Saturnino Canaveri was an Argentine military man and politician, who served as officer of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment. He took part in the main military actions that occurred during the Conquest of the Desert, including the actions prior to the Battle of Aluminé, against the Chilean Army.
Isabelino Canaveris was an Uruguayan patriot, military, revolutionary and politician, who served as president of the National Party in the Argentine Republic. He participated in most of the armed confrontations between the Blancos and Colorados.
Events in the year 2014 in Costa Rica.
Trade unions in Costa Rica advocate for the rights of workers in Costa Rica. Dating back to the late 1800s, labor unions in the country have been a political force. They remain active in political and social life for many Costa Ricans.
Purabá is a district of the Santa Bárbara canton, in the Heredia province of Costa Rica. The district consists of several large neighborhoods: San Bosco (Bosconia), Marías, Purabá, Lajas, and Calle Quirós.
Francisca Matilde Carranza Volío, better known as Matilde Carranza was a Costa Rican activist and teacher. She was the first Costa Rican woman to receive a doctorate in philosophy.
Campuzano-Polanco was a prominent family from the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo with origins in Santiago de los Caballeros. During the colonial era of the Hispaniola, their members and descendants went on to occupy high political, military and ecclesiastical positions, locally and outside the Island, as well as in the metropolis of Spain. Their merits extend since the beginning and until the end of the colony.
Julio Fonseca (1881–1950) was a Costa Rican composer and conductor.
The Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica abolishes Costa Rica's army as a permanent institution, making Costa Rica one of the first countries in the world to do so as the current Constitution was enacted in 1949. Costa Rica is one of the few countries without armed forces and, alongside Panama, one of the few that is not a microstate. However, like Panama, Costa Rica does have limited military capacities with its Public Forces which have both police and defense functions and had taken part in military operations since 1949.
The Huetares were an important indigenous group of Costa Rica, who in the mid-16th century lived in the center of what is now the country. They are also mentioned with the name of güetares or pacacuas. Huetares were the most powerful and best-organized indigenous nation in Costa Rica upon the arrival of the Spaniards. During the 16th century, various chieftains dominated from the Costa Rican Atlantic coast to the Atlantic Slope. The Spanish chronicles mention a myriad of towns and the kings that ruled them, among them the Garabito Empire, located on the Central Atlantic Slope and the Tárcoles River basin, to the Virilla River and the Cordillera Central; the Kingdom of Pacaca, in the current canton of Mora, and the Lordship of el El Guarco, in the current Guarco Valley, in the Cartago Province, to the plains of the Central Caribbean and Chirripó. Their culture belonged to the Intermediate Area, and it stood out mainly for their works in stone, such as metates, sculptures, tables and ceremonial altars; and the non-practice of anthropophagy or cannibalism. Its language, the Huetar language, one of the so-called Chibcha languages, became the Lingua franca of the country. Although this language is extinct, it survives in a large number of place names in Costa Rica such as Aserrí, Tucurrique or Barva.
Adrián Arguedas Ruano is a Costa Rican contemporary artist who works in painting, printmaking and sculpture.
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