National Science Museum at Maynooth

National Science and Ecclesiology Museum

Plaque at entrance
Location within Ireland
Former name	Museum of Ecclesiology
Established	1934 (1934)
Location	Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
Coordinates	53°22′43″N6°35′55″W / 53.3785699°N 6.5985657°W / 53.3785699; -6.5985657
Type	Science museum Ecclesiology museum
Curator	Dr. Niall McKeith
Public transit access	Maynooth Dublin Bus routes: 66, 67
Website	maynoothcollege.ie

The National Science and Ecclesiology Museum at Maynooth is a science museum and museum of ecclesiology, located on the joint campus of St Patrick's College, Maynooth and Maynooth University (the southern campus of the university), Ireland. It is an institution of the college, having begun as an ecclesiological museum.

The museum holds various artefacts from the history of science in Ireland (the largest such collection open to the public in Ireland), ^[1] a large collection of scientific equipment used by Nicholas Callan, ^[2] and one of two death masks of Irish political leader Daniel O'Connell. ^{[3] [4]} The museum was founded in 1934 as the Museum of Ecclesiology but has become more focused on science, partially due to Maynooth's association with Callan.

History

The museum was founded in 1934 as the Museum of Ecclesiology in what was then simply St. Patrick's College, with Dr. William Moran, Professor of Dogmatic Theology, as its first curator. After Moran resigned in 1942, the Very Rev. Dr. Patrick J McLaughlin (then Professor of Experimental Physics and later Vice-President of the College) was appointed as curator. Moran oversaw the transferral of much of Callan's apparatus, which are now on display, into the museum, a process that was completed by his successor, Rev. Dr. Michael Casey. ^[5]

Collection

The museum has two main collections: a collection of scientific instruments associated with Nicholas Callan and a collection of ecclesiastical artifacts. The Callan collection is significant because it includes the first induction coil, ^[6] invented by Callan in 1836. ^[7] There are a number of his other induction coils, including his giant induction coil (pictured) which he created in 1845, which produced 600,000 volts. ^[8] There are two coils in this invention, the primary coil and the secondary coil. Over twenty miles of wires in the induction coil were hand-insulated with bees wax. Callan used seminarians holding hands touching the coil to measure the strength of the current. The current passed through the seminarians and Callan judged its strength by the height the seminarians jumped. ^[9] He worked with a local blacksmith to create the large electromagnet (pictured) in 1836.^{[ citation needed ]}

The collection contains a number of documents and books, including a royal patent for galvanization. ^[9]

There is also a large holding of nineteenth century batteries in the museum. Other items of note in the collection include a Norremberg polariscope, a nineteenth century polarizing microscope, and the first portable GPS device (pictured below).^{[ citation needed ]}

The museum's ecclesiastical collection includes a set of priestly vestments including a set of robes commissioned under the royal patronage of Marie Antoinette. They include an old Ecce Homo (12C) and a leaf of an ivory diptych (14C, Northern France). In addition there are a number of altar stones. Also of historical note is a statue of Jesus that was defaced by Cromwellian soldiers during the Siege of Drogheda in 1649.^{[ citation needed ]}

Navigation instruments are also to be found in the museum, namely several octants and sextants which were the life blood of navigation on the seas. These instruments are used to fix the position of a ship on the ocean. The octant was a hand-held instrument, with mirrors, used to look at the line of the horizon, take the measurements from the marked scale, and use sea charts to calculate your position. The year 1731 saw the Hadley octant improved in design to become the forerunner of the modern sextant. ^[10] The octant inscribed with the name 'Yeates' in the collection appears to refer to a George Yeates, active from 1826-1858.^{[ citation needed ]}

Some artifacts in the museum's collection Death mask of Daniel O'Connell (1847) Induction Coil from Ford Model T A Circumferentor (1805-1819) at the National Science Museum at Maynooth An octant at the National Science Museum at Maynooth Leica WM 101, the first portable GPS device Box sextant Callan's induction coil (1845)

Access

The museum opens several days a week out of academic term, and by appointment from October to May.

References

1. "National Science Museum at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth". www.askaboutireland.ie. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
2. Mollan, R.C.; Upton, John (1994). The Scientific Apparatus of Nicholas Callan and Other Historic Instruments. Samton. ISBN   978-1898706014.
3. "National Museum Maynooth | Take five: 5 fascinating objects on display in the Museum". maynoothcollege.ie. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
4. Breen, P.J.; McKeith, Niall E. (1995). St. Patrick's College Maynooth Museum of Ecclesiology. Maynooth: St Patrick's College. ISBN   978-0901519757.
5. "National Museum Maynooth | Just another WordPress site". maynoothcollege.ie. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
6. "BSHS Travel Guide - National Science Museum, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, Ireland". www.bshs.org.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
7. "The Classic Induction Coil, Induction, Coils, HV". www.sentex.net. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
8. Mollan, Charles; Upton, John (1994). The Scientific Apparatus of Nicholas Callan and other Historic Instruments. Dublin: St. Patrick's College Maynooth and Samton Limited. p. 67. ISBN   1-898706-02-6.
9. "RTÉ - Icons of Irish Science podcast online, show, free". Radioline. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
10. "The History of the Sextant". www.mat.uc.pt. Retrieved 22 April 2016.

Further reading

• Bowler, Peter J., Nicholas Whyte, and Queen's University of Belfast. Institute of Irish Studies. Science and Society in Ireland: The Social Context of Science and Technology in Ireland, 1800-1950. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1997.
• McNeil, Ian, ed. An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology. Florence, US: Routledge, 2002.
• Shock and Awe: The Story of Electricity by Jim Al-Khalili