National Student Wellbeing Program

Last updated

The National Student Wellbeing Program is an Australian federal government programme which funds religious chaplains and non religious "student wellbeing officers" in Australian primary and secondary schools. They are to provide pastoral care in order to support student wellbeing. Practitioners are not allowed to "provide religious instruction or religious counselling" or "proselytise" and must follow the rules and qualification requirements of the NSWP. [1]

Contents

The program was formerly called the National School Chaplaincy Programme, and was set up in 2006 by the Howard government. From 2014 to 2023, there was no option for a non religious counsellor, with all chaplains requiring to be "ordained, commissioned or endorsed by a recognised religious institution". [2]

In 2023, schools regained the ability to use a non religious counsellor, and the name of the program was changed to the National Student Wellbeing Program. [3] [4]

The grants are $20,280 a year for schools and $24,336 for schools in remote areas. [1]

History

In October 2006, the Howard government established NSCP, at an expected cost of $90 million, to provide $20,000 grants for schools to employ chaplains. [5] [6] In Australia, chaplains in state schools have, controversially, been funded by the federal government since 2007, as well as local communities. Chaplaincy services are provided by religious service companies which are predominantly Christian, though non-denominational within Christianity, including Scripture Union Queensland, Genr8 Ministries in NSW and Access Ministries. As of 2008, there were 2,850 chaplains employed under NSCP. [7]

On 7 September 2011, Peter Garrett, Education Minister in the Gillard government, announced a number of changes in NSCP. New chaplains were to be required to have a "Certificate IV in Youth Work, Pastoral Care or an equivalent qualification", while previously no formal qualifications were required. [8] The changes also offered schools the option to employ, instead of "a religious support worker" (chaplain), a "secular student well-being officer", following concerns over the appropriateness of having a religious worker in a public school. [9] Previously schools were only able to hire a secular welfare worker under the programme if they could demonstrate that their efforts to find an ordained chaplain had failed. [8] On 27 September 2013 there were 2,339 chaplains and 512 student welfare workers employed under NSCP. [10]

In May 2014, the Abbott government removed the provision to fund secular student well-being officers, meaning all chaplains had to be affiliated with a religion. [11] In the 2014 federal budget, the government increased the funds for NSCP to $243.8 million over a four-year period. [12] [13] Following the invalidation of NSCP by the High Court in June 2014, [14] the Government redesigned NSCP, with funding now being delivered via states and territories rather than directly to schools. [13] The new NSCP did not involve any other changes to policy. [15] Agreements for the new NSCP were reached with all state and territory governments by 17 November 2014. [13] [16]

Following the 2022 Australian federal election, the new Albanese government commissioned a report on the program, following its decision to open up the program to non religious counsellors. Schools once again gained the ability to use a non religious counsellor in 2023, following the release of the report, and the name of the program was changed to the National Student Wellbeing Program. The report noted the community generally supported the work of the chaplains in schools, but that the religious aspect of the program was contentious, recommending the name change and ability to hire secular counsellors. The new program is to run from 2023 to 2027. [3] [4]

High Court challenges

2012 High Court challenge

In the High Court case of Williams v The Commonwealth of Australia & Ors [2012] HCA 23 (also known as the "School chaplains case") [17] the executive prerogative and spending under section 61 of the Australian Constitution was challenged. The Court handed down its ruling in June 2012, that the Commonwealth's funding agreement for NSCP was invalid. [18]

2014 High Court challenge

A second High Court challenge, against the amended programme, was mounted by the 2012 litigant and was heard by the Court in May 2014. The High Court handed down its ruling on 19 June 2014. [14] The focus of this case was whether the federal government has the power to fund the NSCP directly through local organisations. [19] This second challenge also succeeded [20] [21] so that over $154 million in funding hitherto paid to a local organisation in Queensland became a debt.

However, the federal government responded by waiving that debt and making a commitment to circumvent the High Court ruling and continue with the budgeted $243 million spending on NSCP. [21]

Religious representation

While the NSCP is formally not religion-specific, the chaplains employed under the programme are disproportionately Christian. [22] In 2011, one study stated that 96.5% of the chaplains employed under the programme were Christian, while only 64% of Australians identified as Christian (based on the 2006 census). [22] By contrast, 0.01% of the chaplains were secular, whereas 19% of Australians identified as having no religion. [22] Buddhism, the second largest religion, is followed by 2% of Australians, but only 0.03% of the school chaplains. [22] Islam was followed by 1.7% of Australians, but only 0.9% of school chaplains. [22] Judaism is the only major religion which had a roughly proportionate representation, with 0.45% of the Australian population following the religion, and 0.5% of school chaplains. [22] [23]

It was announced in May 2014 that the provision to allow secular welfare workers under NSCP would be removed, changing the definition of chaplain to someone ordained, commissioned or endorsed by a recognised religious institution. From December 2014, the 623 schools who were then hiring a secular welfare worker had to either hire a chaplain instead or go without either. [24] [2]

Reception

NSCP has been controversial since it was announced by John Howard in 2006. The NSCP is most commonly opposed on the grounds that chaplains are under-qualified to deal with vulnerable young people, [25] that it is not appropriate to have a religious worker in a public school, [9] and that the money spent on the programme is better needed elsewhere, such as to help children with disabilities. [26] A July 2011 report by the Commonwealth Ombudsman recommended changes in guidelines after it was found that some chaplains provided one-on-one counselling when not qualified to do so. [27] Complaints have also been made that chaplains have used their position to recruit children to Christianity in breach of government guidelines. The number of complaints specifically regarding proselytising was 34 in 2011, 5 in 2012 and 1 in 2013. [28] Complaints have also been made that chaplains have handed out literature stating homosexuality is wrong, that condoms promote promiscuity and are not effective for use as a contraceptive. [25] Overall complaints about any aspect of the chaplaincy programme that were made to the relevant department was 93 in 2011, 51 in 2012 and 34 in 2013. Of the 85 between 2012 and 2013, 60% could not be substantiated. [29] An online petition opposing the 2014 funding increase for the NSCP was signed by over 180,000 people. [30]

In 2010 whilst she was Prime Minister, Julia Gillard voiced her support for the NSCP. [31] In 2011 Peter Garrett publicly stated his support for the programme, [32] though in a 2014 book review he stated "the line between chaplains acting to support students in the provision of general pastoral care and proselytising was too easily crossed". [33] [34] Other politicians supporting the programme include former Senator Eric Abetz. [35]

The Australian Psychological Society has repeatedly criticised the NSCP. [25] [26] [36] The director of the Black Dog Institute has expressed concern at the funding of chaplaincy over programmes backed by scientific evidence. [37] Associate Professor Andrea Reupert, director of Monash University's mental health in schools project described a chaplain's comments to a student suffering from an eating disorder that she was "hungering for the word of the Lord" as inappropriate and appalling. [37] The programme is also opposed by the Australian Education Union, [26] and the New South Wales Teachers Federation. [38]

Both the NSW Catholic Education Commission [38] and the Anglican Education Commission [39] do not have a position on chaplains in NSW government schools.

See also

Related Research Articles

Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool) and primary education, followed by secondary education, and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education and vocational education. Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also plays a funding role.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaplain</span> Spiritual representative attached to a secular institution

A chaplain is, traditionally, a cleric, or a lay representative of a religious tradition, attached to a secular institution, or a private chapel. The term chaplaincy refers to the chapel, facility or department in which one or more chaplains carry out their role.

In secular usage, religious education is the teaching of a particular religion and its varied aspects: its beliefs, doctrines, rituals, customs, rites, and personal roles. In Western and secular culture, religious education implies a type of education which is largely separate from academia, and which (generally) regards religious belief as a fundamental tenet and operating modality, as well as a prerequisite for attendance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">School prayer</span> State-sponsored or mandatory prayer by public school students

School prayer, in the context of religious liberty, is state-sanctioned or mandatory prayer by students in public schools. Depending on the country and the type of school, state-sponsored prayer may be required, permitted, or prohibited. The United Kingdom also requires daily worship by law, but does not enforce it. Countries which prohibit or limit school prayer often differ in their reasons for doing so. In the United States, school prayer cannot be required of students in accordance with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This is generally rigorously applied in public schools; the Establishment Clause does not prevent prayer in private schools that have no public funding. In Canada, school-sponsored prayer is disallowed under the concept of freedom of conscience as outlined in the Canadian Charter on Rights & Fundamental Freedoms. School-sponsored prayer is disallowed in France as a byproduct of its status as a secular nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Secular Society</span> British campaigning organisation founded in 1866

The National Secular Society (NSS) is a British campaigning organisation that promotes secularism and the separation of church and state. It holds that no one should gain advantage or disadvantage because of their religion or lack of it. It was founded by Charles Bradlaugh in 1866.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freedom From Religion Foundation</span> American nonprofit organization

The Freedom From Religion Foundation (FFRF) is an American nonprofit organization that advocates for atheists, agnostics, and nontheists. Formed in 1976, FFRF promotes the separation of church and state, and challenges the legitimacy of many federal and state programs that are faith-based. It supports groups such as nonreligious students and clergy who want to leave their faith.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humanists UK</span> Charitable organization promoting secular humanism

Humanists UK, known from 1967 until May 2017 as the British Humanist Association (BHA), is a charitable organisation which promotes secular humanism and aims to represent "people who seek to live good lives without religious or superstitious beliefs" in the United Kingdom by campaigning on issues relating to humanism, secularism, and human rights. It seeks to act as a representative body for non-religious people in the UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Army Chaplains' Department</span> Military unit

The Royal Army Chaplains' Department (RAChD) is an all-officer department that provides ordained clergy to minister to the British Army.

In United States law, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion. The relevant constitutional text is:

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion...

Catholic schools are pre-primary, primary and secondary educational institutions administered in association with the Catholic Church. As of 2011, the Catholic Church operates the world's largest religious, non-governmental school system. In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools and 95,200 primary schools. The schools include religious education alongside secular subjects in their curriculum.

<i>Zelman v. Simmons-Harris</i> 2002 United States Supreme Court case

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639 (2002), was a 5–4 decision of the United States Supreme Court that upheld an Ohio program that used school vouchers. The Court decided that the program did not violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, as long as parents using the program were allowed to choose among a range of secular and religious schools.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military chaplain</span> Ministers to military personnel

A military chaplain ministers to military personnel and, in most cases, their families and civilians working for the military. In some cases, they will also work with local civilians within a military area of operations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Canadian Chaplain Service</span> Military unit

The Royal Canadian Chaplain Service is a personnel branch of the Canadian Armed Forces that has approximately 264 Regular Force chaplains and 135 Reserve Force chaplains representing the Christian, Muslim and Jewish faiths. From 1969 to 2014 it was named the Chaplain Branch. It was renamed on October 16, 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greg Epstein</span> Chaplain, Harvard university

Greg M. Epstein is an American Humanist chaplain at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who is the president of the Harvard Chaplains Organization. He is an ordained Humanist rabbi, and has been influential in American humanism as a blogger, spokesperson, adviser and author of the New York Times bestsellerGood Without God: What a Billion Nonreligious People Do Believe. Epstein was an expert on the first three seasons of the reality show "Married at First Sight."

The Council for Christian Education in Schools is an Australian religious organisation which also operates under the name of Access Ministries, as an inter-denominational body providing Christian education and chaplaincy services in state schools in Victoria.

Anglican education in Australia refers to the education services provided by the Anglican Church of Australia within the Australian education system. Since the late 18th century, the Anglican Church has been an important provider of education services within Australia. There are around 145 Anglican schools in Australia, providing for more than 105,000 children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James O'Higgins Norman</span> Former priest, now academic working on education and bullying

James O'Higgins Norman PC, MStJ, FRSA holds the UNESCO Chair on Tackling Bullying in Schools and Cyberspace at Dublin City University. He is the director of the National Anti-Bullying Research and Resource Centre, and a member of the Government of Ireland Advisory Council on Online Safety.

<i>Williams v Commonwealth</i> 2012 Australian constitutional law case

Williams v Commonwealth of Australia is a landmark judgment of the High Court. The matter related to the power of the Commonwealth executive government to enter into contracts and spend public moneys under section 61 of the Australian Constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Non-Religious Pastoral Support Network</span> Organisation

The Non-Religious Pastoral Support Network (NRPSN) is an organisation supporting a network of people who work in non-religious pastoral care which also promotes and advocates for non-religious pastoral care provision within the UK in institutions such as the NHS and HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS), the British Armed Forces and within the British education system.

Carson v. Makin, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case related to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the Free Exercise Clause. It was a follow-up to Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue.

References

  1. 1 2 Department of Education. "National Student Wellbeing Program (NSWP)". Archived from the original on 6 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 Knott, Matthew (21 May 2014). "Chaplaincy program leaves secular workers with no more than a prayer". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  3. 1 2 "School chaplain program report backs choice of wellbeing officer". ABC News. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  4. 1 2 Department of Education (27 January 2023). "National School Chaplaincy Program evaluation report".
  5. The Age, 29 October 2006: School chaplain plan unveiled Archived 3 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  6. SMH, 31 October 2006: Chaplain program is no crusade: PM Archived 15 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  7. The Australian, 8 December 2008: School chaplains 'worked miracles'
  8. 1 2 Collins, Sarah-Jane (8 September 2011). "New choice for school chaplaincy program". The Age . Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  9. 1 2 Tucker, Breanna (8 September 2011). "Chaplaincy change a crisis of faith". Canberra Times . Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  10. "National School Chaplaincy and Student Welfare Program Statistics". Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  11. Ferrari, Justine (14 May 2014). "Top spending outlay offers $245m for religious advisers in schools". The Australian . Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  12. "School chaplains get $243m over 4 years". Nine MSN . 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  13. 1 2 3 "National School Chaplaincy Programme". Australian Department of Education. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  14. 1 2 AustLII: Williams v Commonwealth of Australia [2014] HCA 23 (19 June 2014) Archived 9 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  15. SMH, 27 August 2014: Tony Abbott to keep secular workers out of school chaplaincy program Archived 10 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  16. SMH, 10 October 2014: School chaplaincy program: government stands firm on excluding welfare workers Archived 21 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  17. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. "High Court upholds chaplaincy challenge". ABC News. Australia. 20 June 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  19. Byrne, Elizabeth (6 May 2014). "School chaplaincy case: Queensland father again challenges validity of program in High Court". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  20. "Commonwealth funding of school chaplaincy program struck down in High Court". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 19 June 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  21. 1 2 Hurst, Daniel (19 June 2014). "School chaplains funding struck down by high court". The Guardian Australia. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 National Schools Chaplaincy Program - A Discussion Paper (PDF), Australian Government, February 2011, p. 8, ISBN   978-0-642-78006-5, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2011
  23. "School chaplains not representative". The Australian. News Limited. 12 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  24. John Stewart (2 December 2014). "Non-religious chaplains may not be funded under new chaplaincy program in 2015". Lateline . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  25. 1 2 3 "School Christian chaplain program puts kids 'at risk', warn counsellors and psychologists". News.com.au . 28 June 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  26. 1 2 3 Miletic, Daniella (14 May 2014). "Education union blasts $245m budget funding for school chaplains". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  27. Allan Asher (July 2011). "Administration of the National School Chaplaincy Program - Report by the Commonwealth Omburdsman" (PDF). Commonwealth Ombudsman. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2014.
  28. Hurst, Daniel (9 June 2014). "Complaints about school chaplaincy program on the decline, figures show". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  29. "Untitled document" (PDF). aph.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  30. Stark, Jill (8 June 2014). "Safe Schools program, chaplaincy scheme don't mix: experts". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  31. Stephens, Scott (10 August 2010). "The Prime Minister puts her faith in chaplaincy". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  32. Garrett, Peter (8 September 2011). "Public puts its trust in chaplaincy program". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  33. Peter Garrett (30 May 2014). "FREE, COMPULSORY AND SECULAR". Sydney Review of Books . Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  34. "Former education minister Peter Garrett says state schools 'not capable of delivering comparatively thorough education'". News.com.au. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  35. Kimbal, Chris (16 May 2014). "Abetz Regrets". ABC . Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  36. Dennehy, Kate (15 August 2010). "Kids need more healers, not chaplains: psychologist group". Brisbane Times . Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  37. 1 2 Primrose Riordan (1 September 2014). "Black Dog Institute rejects dollars for chaplains proposal". Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  38. 1 2 Smith, Alexandra (24 June 2014). "Anglicans: No chaplains, scripture in public schools". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  39. "Religion vital to Australian education". Sydney Anglicans. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.