Related Research Articles
The Irgun, or Etzel, was a Zionist paramilitary organization that operated in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the older and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. The Irgun has been viewed as a terrorist organization or organization which carried out terrorist acts.
Zionist political violence refers to acts of violence or terrorism committed by Zionists in support of establishing and maintaining a Jewish state in Palestine. These actions have been carried out by individuals, paramilitary groups, and the Israeli government, from the early 20th century to the present day, as part of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Lehi, often known pejoratively as the Stern Gang, was a Zionist paramilitary militant organization founded by Avraham ("Yair") Stern in Mandatory Palestine. Its avowed aim was to evict the British authorities from Palestine by use of violence, allowing unrestricted immigration of Jews and the formation of a Jewish state. It was initially called the National Military Organization in Israel, upon being founded in August 1940, but was renamed Lehi one month later. The group referred to its members as terrorists and admitted to having carried out acts of terrorism.
Mohammed Amin al-Husseini was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in Mandatory Palestine. Al-Husseini was the scion of the al-Husayni family of Jerusalemite Arab nobles, who trace their origins to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
Bethlehem of Galilee or Bethlehem-in-the-Galilee is a moshav in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee near Kiryat Tivon, around 10 kilometres north-west of Nazareth and 30 kilometres east of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. As of 2022 it had a population of 824.
Yishuv, HaYishuv HaIvri, or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el denotes the body of Jewish residents in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern part of Ottoman Syria until 1918, OETA South in 1917–1920, and Mandatory Palestine in 1920–1948.
Greater Israel is an expression with several different biblical and political meanings over time. It is often used, in an irredentist fashion, to refer to the historic or desired borders of Israel.
The German Templer Society, also known as Templers, is a Radical Pietist group that emerged in Germany during the mid-nineteenth century, the two founders, Christoph Hoffmann and Georg David Hardegg, arriving in Haifa, Palestine, in October 1868 with their families and a few fellow Templers in order to establish a colony. Templer theology is rooted in the legacy of preceding centuries during which various Christian groups undertook to establish the perfect Christian religion in preparation for Christ's promised return. The movement was founded by Christoph Hoffmann, [1815-1885] who believed that humanity's salvation lay in the gathering of God's people in a Christian community. He also believed that the second coming of Christ was imminent, and that according to Biblical prophecy it would take place in Jerusalem, where God's people were to gather as a symbol of the rebuilding of the temple.
Haim Arlosoroff was a Socialist Zionist leader of the Yishuv during the British Mandate for Palestine, prior to the establishment of Israel, and head of the political department of the Jewish Agency. In 1933, Arlosoroff was assassinated while jogging on the beach in Tel Aviv.
Sarona is a neighborhood of Tel Aviv, Israel which started as a German Templer colony in Palestine in 1871. It was one of the earliest modern villages established by Europeans in Ottoman Palestine. In July 1941, the British Mandate authorities deported 188 residents of Sarona, who were considered ardent Nazi sympathizers. By the 2000s, the area had fallen into disrepair and was a haven for drug users. However, since 2003, the area has undergone massive renovation, which involved moving and relocating historical buildings before their restoration. The area is now a popular shopping district, as well as home to museums, cultural artifacts centering on its history, and IDF complexes.
The Haavara Agreement was an agreement between Nazi Germany and Zionist German Jews signed on 25 August 1933. The agreement was finalized after three months of talks by the Zionist Federation of Germany, the Anglo-Palestine Bank and the economic authorities of Nazi Germany. It was a major factor in making possible the migration of approximately 60,000 German Jews to Palestine between 1933 and 1939.
As an organized nationalist movement, Zionism is generally considered to have been founded by Theodor Herzl in 1897. However, the history of Zionism began earlier and is intertwined with Jewish history and Judaism. The organizations of Hovevei Zion, held as the forerunners of modern Zionist ideals, were responsible for the creation of 20 Jewish towns in Palestine between 1870 and 1897.
Wilhelma, originally Wilhelma-Hamîdije, was German Templer Colony in Palestine, located southwest of al-'Abbasiyyah near Jaffa.
Alonei Abba is a moshav shitufi in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee near Bethlehem of Galilee and Alonim, in the hills east of Kiryat Tivon, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 990.
Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.
The Mandatory Palestine national football team, also known as the Eretz Israel national football team, represented the British Mandate of Palestine in international football competitions, and was managed by the Palestine Football Association.
Wine in Palestine has been in production for several years. In the region of Palestine, the use of wine was not only an important factor in Jewish religious ritual, but also a necessity for social interaction, general dietary consumption and medicinal purposes. During the Byzantine period, large-scale production led to international commerce in the commodity, and Palestinian wine was exported around the Mediterranean region. Production by Christians diminished with the Islamic conquest in the 7th century and was temporarily revived with the settlement of Frankish Christians under the Crusades in the 12th-13th centuries. Jews continued to cultivate vineyards in the late 15th century into the Ottoman period. The first modern wineries were established by German settlers at Sarona in 1874/5 and by Jews supported by Baron Edmond de Rothschild from France at Rishon LeZion in 1882.
The German Templer colonies in Palestine were the settlements established in Ottoman Palestine and Mandatory Palestine by the German Pietist Templer movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. During and shortly after World War II, these colonies were depopulated, and its German residents deported to Australia.
On 22 March 1946, Gotthilf Wagner, the leader of the German Templer colonies in Palestine, was assassinated by the Haganah as part of the Jewish Resistance Movement.
The Old German Consulatebuilding is a historic building, built as the Consulate of the German Empire in the Templar neighborhood of "Walhalla" in Jaffa, nowadays part of Tel Aviv-Yafo. Its construction began in 1913, next to Nablus Road.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yad Va-Shem. R.3 - Documentation of the Nazi Party (National Socialist Party - NSDAP) in Eretz Israel, 1928-1939. "The first two chapters of the Nazi Party in Eretz Israel were established in Sharona and Jaffa in March 1933."
- ↑ Ralf Balke, Hakenkreuz im Heiligen Land: Die NSDAP-Landesgruppe Palästina, Erfurt: Sutton, 2001, p. 81. ISBN 3-89702-304-0.
- ↑ Nurit Wurgaft and Ran Shapira, A life-saving swap Archived 2023-09-05 at the Wayback Machine , Haaretz, April 23, 2009.
- 1 2 Adi Schwartz, The nine lives of the Lorenz Cafe Archived 2008-06-06 at the Wayback Machine , Haaretz, January 20, 2008.
- ↑ Ben-Yehuda 1992. Political Assassinations by Jews: A Rhetorical Device for Justice. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-1165-6.
- ↑ Ran Shapira and Nurit Wurgaft (April 23, 2009). "A life-saving swap". Haaretz.
- ↑ "Kurt Wieland, alias Heinz Hecht, Frederick Baksen, Abu Yassin". London: The National Archives. 11 May 2001.
- ↑
- Fountain, Rick (5 July 2001). "Nazis planned Palestine subversion". BBC News.
- ↑ Wawrzyn, Heidemarie (2013-08-01). Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948. Walter de Gruyter. p. 127. ISBN 978-3-11-030652-1. Archived from the original on 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ↑ The Templers: German settlers who left their mark on Palestine Archived 2023-07-25 at the Wayback Machine . The assassination by Jewish militants of the former Templer mayor of Sarona, Gotthilf Wagner, sent shockwaves through the depleted community. Contemporary reports say Wagner was targeted because he had been a prominent Nazi. Sieger Hahn, Wagner's foster son, says Wagner was killed because he was an "obstacle" to the purchase of land from the Germans. With the killing of two more Templers by members of the Haganah (Jewish fighting force) in 1948, the British authorities evacuated almost all the remaining members to an internment camp in Cyprus."
- ↑ Wawrzyn, Heidemarie (1 August 2013). Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-030652-1. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
Furthermore, from the Jewish point of view Wagner was seen as an ardent Nazi and the leader of the Germans in Palestine, whom they learned had been named to be Gauleiter for the region had the Germans occupied Palestine. The assassination was intended to make it unmistakably clear that Palestine-Germans could no longer remain in the country. "They will not last here," was the headline in Jewish newspapers. According to the C.I.D., Wagner's murder took place in the context of land politics, for he had consistently instructed members of his settlement not to sell land to Jews. The Templers, however, considered Gotthilf Wagner an anti-Nazi and victim of Jewish terror.
| Background | |
|---|---|
| 1920s | |
| 1930s |
|
| During World War II | |
| After World War II | |
| Actors | |
| Prominent figures | |
