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The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, was a conflict initially fought by European colonial empires, and later on by the Confederate states of America, Republic of Texas, Mexico and the United States of America against various American Indian tribes in North America. These conflicts occurred from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the end of the 19th century. The various wars resulted from a wide variety of factors, the most common being the desire of settlers and governments for Indian tribes' lands. The European powers and their colonies enlisted allied Indian tribes to help them conduct warfare against each other's colonial settlements. After the American Revolution, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions and frequently involved disputes over land use; some entailed cycles of violent reprisal.
Alfred Louis Kroeber was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the first professor appointed to the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He played an integral role in the early days of its Museum of Anthropology, where he served as director from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber provided detailed information about Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people, whom he studied over a period of years. He was the father of the acclaimed novelist, poet, and writer of short stories Ursula K. Le Guin.
The Shoshone or Shoshoni are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions:
The Western History Association (WHA), a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, was founded in 1961 at Santa Fe, New Mexico by Ray Allen Billington, et al. Included in the field of study are the American West and western Canada. The Western History Association was headquartered from 2012 to 2017 at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. As of 2018 the WHA is hosted on the campus of the University of Nebraska at Omaha with the support of the Department of History, College of Arts and Sciences.
The Bannock War of 1878 was an armed conflict between the U.S. military and Bannock and Paiute warriors in Idaho and northeastern Oregon from June to August 1878. The Bannock totaled about 600 to 800 in 1870 because of other Shoshone peoples being included with Bannock numbers. they were led by Chief Buffalo Horn, who was killed in action on June 8, 1878. After his death, Chief Egan led the Bannocks. He and some of his warriors were killed in July by a Umatilla party that entered his camp in subterfuge.
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The California genocide was a series of systematized killings of thousands of Indigenous peoples of California by United States government agents and private citizens in the 19th century. It began following the American Conquest of California from Mexico, and the influx of settlers due to the California Gold Rush, which accelerated the decline of the Indigenous population of California. Between 1846 and 1873, it is estimated that non-Natives killed between 9,492 and 16,094 California Natives. In addition, between several hundred and several thousand California Natives were starved or worked to death. Acts of enslavement, kidnapping, rape, child separation and forced displacement were widespread. These acts were encouraged, tolerated, and carried out by state authorities and militias.
Joseph McLean Hall Jr. is a professor, writer, and historian at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine where he specializes in early modern American and Atlantic history, particularly focusing on Native American, European, and environmental interactions in North America. He is a nationally recognized historian for his research in Native American history and in addition to his work in academia, he often writes articles that contribute to newspapers and gives presentations to public audiences. Hall is currently working on a book project concerning the Maine Coast and the Bates-Morse Mountain Conservation Area in collaboration with Bates faculty in the natural sciences. He is an associate professor at Bates in the History department and the Environmental Studies (ES) program, having recently chaired the ES program and multiple hiring committees for new ES faculty. He also received the 2009 Kroepsch Award for Excellence in Teaching and the honor of delivering the 2018 Convocation Address at Bates.
Audra Simpson is Professor of Anthropology at Columbia University. Her work engages with Indigenous politics in the United States of America and Canada and cuts across anthropology, Indigenous studies, American and Canadian studies, gender and sexuality, and political science. She is the author of the prize-winning book Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States. Simpson has won multiple teaching awards from Columbia University, and was the second anthropologist to win the Mark Van Doren Award for Teaching in the prize's history. Simpson is a citizen of the Kahnawà:ke Mohawk Nation.
This is a select annotated bibliography of scholarly English language books and journal articles about the subject of genocide studies; for bibliographies of genocidal acts or events, please see the See also section for individual articles. A brief selection of English translations of primary sources is included for items related to the development of genocide studies. Book entries may have references to journal articles and reviews as annotations. Additional bibliographies can be found in many of the book-length works listed below; see Further Reading for several book and chapter-length bibliographies. The External links section contains entries for publicly available materials on the development of genocide studies.
This is an English language bibliography of scholarly books and articles on the American frontier. It is a selection from tens o thousands of titles. See also: Bibliography of the Western United States
References
- ↑ Internet Public Library
- 1 2 "Robert M. Utley Award". The Western History Association. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- 1 2 3 "Ned Blackhawk". Yale University Department of History. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- 1 2 Membis, Liane (September 23, 2009). "Number of American Indian profs doubles — from one to two". Yale Daily News .
- ↑ "Ned Blackhawk", Faculty, University of Wisconsin-Wisconsin[ dead link ]
- ↑ "Ned Blackhawk". American Quarterly. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011.
- ↑ "Ned Blackhawk's 'The Rediscovery of America' is among books honored by the Lukas prize project". AP News. March 19, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
- ↑ St. Martin, Emily (November 15, 2023). "Justin Torres, Ned Blackhawk win National Book Awards as war, politics grab spotlight". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
- ↑ "Ned Blackhawk: Resident Scholar Lamon Fellowship"
