Neighborhood association

Last updated

A neighborhood association (NA) is a group of residents or property owners who advocate to organize activities within a neighborhood. An association may have elected leaders and voluntary dues.

Contents

Some neighborhood associations in the United States are incorporated, may be recognized by the Internal Revenue Service as 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization, and may enjoy freedom from taxation from their home state. [1]

The term neighborhood association is sometimes incorrectly used instead of homeowners association. But neighborhood associations are not homeowners associations - groups of property owners with the legal authority to enforce rules and regulations that focus on restrictions and building and safety issues. A neighborhood association is a group of neighbors and business owners who work together for changes and improvements such as neighborhood safety, beautification and social activities. They reinforce rules and regulations through education, peer pressure and by looking out for each other. Some key differences include: [2] [3] [4]

The rules for formation of a neighborhood association in the United States are sometimes regulated at the city or state level.

Neighborhood councils are also a different type of entity within a city, whose officers are generally elected, are composed of various neighborhood associations and, as such, may be subject to limitations and special rules set up by the council.

Neighborhood associations are more likely to be formed in older, established neighborhoods, especially those that predate HOAs. HOAs are generally established at the time a residential neighborhood is built and sold. Sometimes older established neighborhoods form an HOA to help regulate rules and standards.

In some cases, neighborhood associations exist simultaneously with HOAs, and each may not encompass identical boundaries. In one example, newer infill neighborhoods built decades after the original, surrounding HOA-less neighborhood may have its own HOA but also be within the boundaries of a NA.

In the United Kingdom, it is known as a residents' association (RA). RAs are often involved in local politics, contesting seats at local and county elections. In the 2024 United Kingdom local elections, Residents' Associations claimed 48 of the seats being contested across the 107 local councils that held elections. [5]

Grassroots and straddler organizations

While neighborhood associations in the United States often function in a similar manner, other areas of the world demonstrate different forms of neighborhood associations. These may share basic characteristics with traditional grassroots organizations but yet often remain distinctly different. Benjamin Read refers to this variety of organizations as "straddlers for their spanning of the state-society divide." [6] Neighborhood Associations in terms of grassroots organizations compared to straddler organizations can be distinguished by the following characteristics:

Grassroots

Neighborhood-based Straddler organizations

To expand on the variety of global neighborhood associations present, an example can be used from certain NAs in Asia.

Frameworks in Asia

There exists four general frameworks to understanding how a local organization, such as a neighborhood association, may straddle the state-society realm. They are: [7] [8]

The relationship between the states and the various forms of neighborhood association may also be identified by its level of statism. Mass organizations would be considered the most statist, where the local associations are closely linked to the state. The Civil Society theory is considered the least statist and here the local associations are extremely self-reliant. Between the most and least statist points are corporatist and state-society synergy; they operate with government and depend on its sponsorship but remain free from direct control. China, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand provide examples of how the four frameworks and statism levels play a role in guiding the overall purpose and ultimate goal of the neighborhood-based organizations in each county. [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

Eastmoreland is an early-twentieth century, tree-filled neighborhood in inner southeast Portland, Oregon, United States. Eastmoreland was named for a local real estate developer, Judge J.C. Moreland.

A homeowner association, or a homeowner community, is a private association-like entity in the United States, Canada, the Philippines and certain other countries often formed either ipso jure in a building with multiple owner-occupancies, or by a real estate developer for the purpose of marketing, managing, and selling homes and lots in a residential subdivision. The developer will typically transfer control of the association to the homeowners after selling a predetermined number of lots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Condominium</span> Form of ownership of real property

A condominium is an ownership regime in which a building is divided into multiple units that are either each separately owned, or owned in common with exclusive rights of occupation by individual owners. These individual units are surrounded by common areas that are jointly owned and managed by the owners of the units. The term can be applied to the building or complex itself, and is sometimes applied to individual units. The term "condominium" is mostly used in the US and Canada, but similar arrangements are used in many other countries under different names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lawn sign</span> Small advertising signs on a property facing a public area

Lawn signs are small advertising signs that can be placed on a street-facing lawn or elsewhere on a property to express the support for an election candidate, or political position, by the property owner. They are popular in political campaigns in the United States and Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Vietnam</span> Supreme law of Vietnam

The Vietnamese Constitution or the Constitution of Vietnam, fully the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the fundamental and supreme law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The current constitution was adopted on November 28, 2013, by the Thirteenth National Assembly and took effect on January 1, 2014, being the third constitution adopted by the Vietnamese state since the political reunification of the country in 1976.

The Gonin Gumi (五人組) were groups of five households that were held collectively responsible, in a manner similar to the Frith-borh in England, during the Edo period of Japanese history. All households in the shogunate were members of such a group, with all members of the group held responsible for the good conduct of all of the other members, and of their dependents. The responsibility included responsibility for crime and for non-payment of taxes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoa people</span> Han Chinese in Vietnam

The Hoa people are the citizens and nationals of Vietnam of full or partial Han Chinese ancestry. Chinese migration into Vietnam dates back millennia but allusions to the contemporary Hoa today mostly refers to people of Chinese ancestry who immigrated to Vietnam during the 18th century, who especially trace their ancestry to various southern Chinese provinces. The Hoa are an ethnic minority group in Vietnam as part of the Chinese community there, and can also be found in other regions such as in the Americas. They may also be called "Chinese-Vietnamese" or "Chinese people living in/from Vietnam" by the Vietnamese.

A covenant, in its most general sense and historical sense, is a solemn promise to engage in or refrain from a specified action. Under historical English common law, a covenant was distinguished from an ordinary contract by the presence of a seal. Because the presence of a seal indicated an unusual solemnity in the promises made in a covenant, the common law would enforce a covenant even in the absence of consideration. In United States contract law, an implied covenant of good faith is presumed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monterey Hills, Los Angeles</span> Neighborhood of Los Angeles in California, United States

Monterey Hills is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California.

<i>Tonarigumi</i>

The Neighborhood Association was the smallest unit of the national mobilization program established by the Japanese government in World War II. It consisted of units consisting of 10-15 households organized for fire fighting, civil defense and internal security.

A nonprofit corporation is any legal entity which has been incorporated under the law of its jurisdiction for purposes other than making profits for its owners or shareholders. Depending on the laws of the jurisdiction, a nonprofit corporation may seek official recognition as such, and may be taxed differently from for-profit corporations, and treated differently in other ways.

Association management is a field of management which focuses on the management of associations. There are more than 25,000 national associations and 65,000 local, state or regional associations in the United States. These organizations employ more than 500,000 professionals.

A community association is a nongovernmental association of participating members of a community, such as a neighborhood, village, condominium, cooperative, or group of homeowners or property owners in a delineated geographic area. Participation may be voluntary, require a specific residency, or require participation in an intentional community. Community associations may serve as social clubs, community promotional groups, service organizations, youth sports group, community gardens, or quasi-governmental groups.

Association law is a term used in the United States for the law governing not-for-profit corporations under various tax codes. This includes charitable organizations, which are generally classified under 501(c)3 in the IRS Tax Code, professional societies, guilds and trade associations, which are classified under 501(c)6, and homeowner associations, which are classified under 501(c)4. There are other classification types, but these are the primary ones.

The Davis–Stirling Common Interest Development Act is the popular name of the portion of the California Civil Code beginning with section 4000, which governs condominium, cooperative, and planned unit development communities in California. Contrary to what the title of the Act suggests, the bill was authored/drafted by University of San Diego School of Law Professor Katharine N. Rosenberry while she served as a Senior Consultant to the California Assembly Select Committee on Common Interest Developments. Assemblymen Lawrence W. "Larry" Stirling and Gray Davis added their names as authors prior to the bill being passed/enacted by the California State Legislature in September 1985. In 2012, the Act was comprehensively reorganized and recodified by Assembly Bill 805.

The North Carolina Planned Community Act, Chapter 47F of the North Carolina General Statutes, is a statute that governs the creation, operation, and destruction of a planned community in the state of North Carolina. According to the Homeowners Association of North Carolina, presently in the state there are over 18,000 homeowner associations accounting for roughly 53% of households.

In the United States, squatting occurs when a person enters land that does not belong to them without lawful permission and proceeds to act in the manner of an owner. Historically, squatting occurred during the California Gold Rush and when colonial European settlers established land rights. Squatting also occurred during the Great Depression in Hoovervilles and also during World War II. Shanty towns returned to the US after the Great Recession (2007–2009) and in the 2010s there were incidents of squatting in foreclosed homes, sometimes by people who used fraudulent documents of ownership. In some cases, a squatter may be able to obtain ownership of property through adverse possession.

Business improvement districts in the United States (BIDs), also known as local improvement districts (LIDs), are United States special districts within a city that are overseen by a nonprofit entity. In the United States, business improvement districts are typically funded by an additional tax assessment, with the tax increase going toward improvements of the area.

Yutaka Tsujinaka is a professor of political science and the Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Tsukuba. He is now teaching at the College of Social Sciences and the doctoral program in International and Advanced Japanese Studies. He is also the president of Japan Political Science Association, a member of the International Association of Universities (2012–2016), the director of Internationalization Subcommittee of IAU (2013–), the executive assistant to the President at University of Tsukuba (2013–) and the director of Institute for Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR) (2014–). Youji Inaba professor of economy at Nippon University said in a newspaper column that Professor Tsujinaka talks in friendly Kansai dialect and always gives everyone warm smile as if he has "Tender-Heated DNA" in his body. (Nikkei: July 8, 2015)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Miles Development Corporation</span> Non-profit community development corporation

The Union Miles Development Corporation is a nonprofit community development corporation serving the Union-Miles Park statistical planning area in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Created in 1981 by the Union Miles Community Coalition, it was successful in drawing national attention to discriminatory practices in lending practices and won passage of an Ohio law reforming housing foreclosure procedures.

References

  1. ↑ Association Types "Advocate Property Management", Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Property Owners Association". Ravenwood Property Owners Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  3. ↑ "Neighborhood Connections Frequently Asked Questions". Edina, Minnesota: Government of Edina.
  4. ↑ "The Difference Between Neighborhood Associations & Homeowners Associations". Albuquerque, New Mexico: City of Albuquerque.
  5. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2024/england/results
  6. ↑ Read, Benjamin; Pekkanen, Robert (2009). Local Organizations and Urban Governance in East and Southeast Asia: Straddling State and Society. Routledge.
  7. ↑ Ott, J. Steven; Dicke, Lisa A. (2012). The Nature of the Nonprofit Sector. Westview Press. pp. 386–387. ISBN   978-0-8133-4491-1.
  8. ↑ Read, Benjamin; Pekkanen, Robert (2009). Local organizations and urban governance in East and Southeast Asia: Straddling state and society. Routledge.
  9. ↑ Evans, P. 1996. Government Action, Social Capital and Development: Reviewing the Evidence on Synergy. World Development, 24(6): 1119-1132.
  10. ↑ Read, Benjamin; Pekkanen, Robert (2009). Local organizations and urban governance in East and Southeast Asia: Straddling state and society. Routledge.
  11. ↑ Ott, J. Steven; Dicke, Lisa A. (2012). The Nature of the Nonprofit Sector. Westview Press. pp. 386–387. ISBN   978-0-8133-4491-1.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.