Neuropixels

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Neuropixels probes (or "Neuropixels") are electrodes developed in 2017 to record the activity of hundreds of neurons in the brain. The probes are based on CMOS technology and have 1,000 recording sites arranged in two rows on a thin, 1-cm long shank. [1] [2]

The probes are used in hundreds of neuroscience laboratories including the International Brain Laboratory, to record brain activity mostly in mice and rats. By revealing the activity of vast numbers of neurons, Neuropixels probes are allowing new approaches [3] to the study of brain processes such as sensory processing, decision making, [4] internal state, [5] and emotions [6] and to create brain-machine interfaces. [7] [8]

The probes were announced in 2017. [9] They are designed and fabricated by imec, an electronics research center in Belgium. In 2022, Neuropixels probes were inserted in human patients. [10]

References

  1. ↑ "How to make sense of the brain's billions of neurons | Wellcome". wellcome.ac.uk. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
  2. ↑ "A new nerve-cell monitor will help those studying brains". The Economist. ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  3. ↑ Hernandez, Daniela (2018-06-15). "The Quest to Decode the Brain". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2020-08-25.
  4. ↑ Steinmetz, Nicholas A.; Zatka-Haas, Peter; Carandini, Matteo; Harris, Kenneth D. (December 2019). "Distributed coding of choice, action and engagement across the mouse brain". Nature. 576 (7786): 266–273. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1787-x. ISSN   1476-4687. PMC   6913580 . PMID   31776518.
  5. ↑ Allen, William E.; Chen, Michael Z.; Pichamoorthy, Nandini; Tien, Rebecca H.; Pachitariu, Marius; Luo, Liqun; Deisseroth, Karl (2019-04-19). "Thirst regulates motivated behavior through modulation of brainwide neural population dynamics". Science. 364 (6437): 253. Bibcode:2019Sci...364..253A. doi:10.1126/science.aav3932. ISSN   0036-8075. PMC   6711472 . PMID   30948440.
  6. ↑ Abbott, Alison (2020-08-11). "Inside the mind of an animal". Nature. 584 (7820): 182–185. Bibcode:2020Natur.584..182A. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-02337-x . PMID   32782378.
  7. ↑ "How brains and machines can be made to work together". The Economist. ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved 2020-08-25.
  8. ↑ Markoff, John (2019-07-16). "Elon Musk's Neuralink Wants 'Sewing Machine-Like' Robots to Wire Brains to the Internet". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-08-25.
  9. ↑ Jun, James J.; Steinmetz, Nicholas A.; Siegle, Joshua H.; Denman, Daniel J.; Bauza, Marius; Barbarits, Brian; Lee, Albert K.; Anastassiou, Costas A.; Andrei, Alexandru; Aydın, Çağatay; Barbic, Mladen (2017-11-08). "Fully Integrated Silicon Probes for High-Density Recording of Neural Activity". Nature. 551 (7679): 232–236. Bibcode:2017Natur.551..232J. doi:10.1038/nature24636. ISSN   0028-0836. PMC   5955206 . PMID   29120427.
  10. ↑ Paulk, Angelique C.; Kfir, Yoav; Khanna, Arjun R.; Mustroph, Martina L.; Trautmann, Eric M.; Soper, Dan J.; Stavisky, Sergey D.; Welkenhuysen, Marleen; Dutta, Barundeb; Shenoy, Krishna V.; Hochberg, Leigh R.; Richardson, R. Mark; Williams, Ziv M.; Cash, Sydney S. (February 2022). "Large-scale neural recordings with single neuron resolution using Neuropixels probes in human cortex" . Nature Neuroscience. 25 (2): 252–263. doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00997-0. ISSN   1546-1726. PMID   35102333. S2CID   246442929.
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