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The Continental Football League (COFL) was a professional American football minor league that operated in North America from 1965 through 1969. It was established following the collapse of the original United Football League, and hoped to become the major force in professional football outside the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). It owed its name, at least in part, to the Continental League, a proposed third Major League Baseball organization that influenced MLB significantly, although they never played a game.
Marvin Ronald Hubbard was an American professional football fullback who played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Oakland Raiders.
The Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) was a professional American football minor league that operated from 1962 to 1973. Until 1969, many of its franchises had working agreements with National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) teams to serve as farm clubs. The league paid a base salary of $100 per game and had 36 players on each active roster.
John Michael Smith is an English-American former American football player who was a placekicker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He debuted with the Patriots in 1974, remaining with the team until 1983.
Allan Wade Key is an American former professional football player who was a guard and offensive tackle for 10 seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 1970 to 1979. After playing college football for Southwest Texas State University, he was selected in the 13th round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft by the Eagles. He was named to the Eagles' 75th Anniversary Team in 2007.
The Orlando Panthers were a professional American football team based in Orlando, Florida. Founded in 1958 as the Franklin Miners, the team spent its first four years in the Eastern Football Conference, then three further years in the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) before moving to the Continental Football League (COFL) in 1965. The franchise moved from Newark, New Jersey to Orlando in 1966 and found success on the field as the Panthers. However, while the team won the COFL championship twice they were plagued by financial difficulties. The team jumped back to the ACFL in 1970 but were suspended by the league after the season.
Charles Cocuzza is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Kean University in Union, New Jersey from 2003 to 2005, compiling a record of 7–23. Prior to taking over the Kean program, Cocuzza served as an assistant coach at Montclair State University for 27 years, most of which were as the Red Hawks' offensive coordinator.
The Seaboard Football League was an American football minor league that operated from 1971 to 1974. It folded during the 1974 season as a result of the founding of the World Football League, which deprived the league of talent.
The Norfolk Neptunes were an American football franchise based in Norfolk, Virginia that played in the Continental Football League from 1965 until 1969 and the Atlantic Coast Football League from 1970 to 1971. The team played at Foreman Field at Old Dominion University in Norfolk.
The Gridiron Developmental Football League (GDFL) is a low-level American football minor league based in Memphis, Tennessee, using the franchise model. The GDFL acts as an umbrella group that encompasses teams from across the Contiguous United States.
Benjamin Franklin Dial was an American professional football quarterback who played one season with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the thirteenth round of the 1966 NFL draft after playing college football at Eastern New Mexico University. Dial was also a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League, as well as teams from various other leagues.
Winthrop Sargent Headley was an American football offensive guard who played one season with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) in the eighth round of the 1971 NFL draft. He played college football at Wake Forest University and attended Staples High School in Westport, Connecticut. Headley was also a member of the Hartford Knights of the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL).
The Brooklyn Dodgers were a football team that played one season in the minor Continental Football League in 1966. They were not related to the former National Football League or All-America Football Conference clubs of that name.
The Hartford Charter Oaks were a professional American football team based in Hartford, Connecticut. They began play in 1964 as a member of the Atlantic Coast Football League, replacing the Ansonia Black Knights. In 1965 the Charter Oaks were one of several ACFL franchises to join the new Continental Football League, where they finished in last place in their division.
The Jersey Jays were a professional American football minor league team based in Jersey City, New Jersey. They began play in 1969 as a member of the Continental Football League, and were a farm team of the NFL's Cleveland Browns. The Jays played their home games in Newark Schools Stadium in 1969.
The Bridgeport Jets were a minor league American football team based in Bridgeport, Connecticut. They began play in the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1966 as the Waterbury Orbits. The Orbits, already officially affiliated with the New York Jets of the American Football League, became the Bridgeport Jets in 1968. After relocating from Waterbury, the Jets played their homes games in John F. Kennedy Stadium.
The Wilmington Renegades were a minor league American football team based in Wilmington, Delaware. They joined the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) as the Wilmington Clippers on February 20, 1966. Most of the team's ownership and management carried over from another Wilmington football franchise, the Wilmington Comets of the North American Football League. The team's first signing was Dick Christy, former running back with the Pittsburgh Steelers, Boston Patriots, and New York Jets.
Donald Percel Shanklin was a professional American football running back and wide receiver. He played college football at Kansas.
The Mohawk Valley Falcons were a minor league American football team based in Herkimer, New York. They played four seasons in the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) from 1962 to 1965 and played their home games at Harmon Field.
The New England Colonials were a minor league American football team based in Foxboro, Massachusetts. They played one season in the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) in 1973 and played their home games at Schaefer Stadium which it shared with the New England Patriots.
References
- ↑ "1973 New York Crusaders (ACFL) Scores, Roster, Stats, Coaches". Pro Football Archives. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
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