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A neutrino is a fermion that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small (-ino) that it was long thought to be zero. The rest mass of the neutrino is much smaller than that of the other known elementary particles excluding massless particles. The weak force has a very short range, the gravitational interaction is extremely weak due to the very small mass of the neutrino, and neutrinos do not participate in the strong interaction. Thus, neutrinos typically pass through normal matter unimpeded and undetected.
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the University of Chicago, and the Universities Research Association (URA); although in 2023, the Department of Energy (DOE) opened bidding for a new contractor due to concerns about the FRA performance. Fermilab is a part of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor.
Masatoshi Koshiba was a Japanese physicist and one of the founders of neutrino astronomy. His work with the neutrino detectors Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande was instrumental in detecting solar neutrinos, providing experimental evidence for the solar neutrino problem.
Michael S. Turner is an American theoretical cosmologist who coined the term dark energy in 1998. He is the Rauner Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Chicago, having previously served as the Bruce V. & Diana M. Rauner Distinguished Service Professor, and as the assistant director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences for the US National Science Foundation.
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Daniel Wayne Hooper is an American cosmologist and particle physicist specializing in the areas of dark matter, cosmic rays, and neutrino astrophysics. He is a Senior Scientist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and a Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Chicago.
Angela Villela Olinto is an astroparticle physicist and the Albert A. Michelson Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago as well as the Dean of the Physical Sciences Division. Her current work is focused on understanding the origin of high-energy cosmic rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos.
Jocelyn Monroe is an American experimental particle physicist who is a professor at Royal Holloway, University of London. Her research considers the development of novel detectors as part of the search for dark matter. In 2016 she was honoured with the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for her work on the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.
Joshua A. Frieman is a theoretical astrophysicist who lives and works in the United States. He is a senior scientist at Fermilab and a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago. Frieman is known for his work studying dark energy and cosmology, and he co-founded the Dark Energy Survey experiment. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.
Geralyn P. (Sam) Zeller is an American neutrino physicist at Fermilab. At Fermilab, she is a participant in the MiniBooNE experiment, co-spokesperson for the MicroBooNE experiment, and deputy head of the Neutrino Division.
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References
- ↑ "Nicole Bell". STEM Women. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ↑ Bell, Nicole F (2000). Neutrino oscillations and the early universe (Thesis). OCLC 222921402.
- 1 2 "CV | Nicole Bell" . Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- 1 2 "New hands at the helm, galactic evolution, Science Meets Parliament, and old computers the size of wardrobes | Australian Institute of Physics" . Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ↑ Durrani, Matin (17 March 2023). "Ask me anything: Nicole Bell – 'Collaboration is the norm: we achieve more when we work together'". Physics World. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ↑ "Bragg Gold Medal for Excellence in Physics" . Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ↑ "ARC Future Fellows announced | CoEPP". www.coepp.org.au. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ↑ "APS Fellow Archive". APS. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ↑ "AIP Fellows".
- ↑ "2020 Nancy Millis Medal for Women in Science". Australian Academy of Science. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
