The normal grey cockatiel, [1] wild type cockatiel, [2] wild cockatiel or grey cockatiel, is the origin cockatiel of all colour genetics mutations, with mostly grey feathers and orange cheek patches.
The normal grey cockatiel, [1] wild type cockatiel, [2] wild cockatiel or grey cockatiel, is the origin cockatiel of all colour genetics mutations, with mostly grey feathers and orange cheek patches.
It all began with the normal grey cockatiel as the wild type colour, the mutations started with the captive home breeding, It took about 100 years for the first mutation [3] to evolve, from the first captive breeding of cockatiels which was in France in the 1850s till 1951 which known the Pied cockatiel mutation as first mutation colour to be established in the United States. [4] The Pied appeared exactly by the aviaries of "Mr. D. Putman" of San Diego, California, United States. [5]
A mutation is defined as a spontaneous change in the genetic code. These changes have resulted in the different colors we now have today. All cockatiels, excluding the normal grey are mutations.
Cockatiel colour mutations have produced the Lutino cockatiel, which first appeared in 1958 (see cockatiel colour genetics). [6] [7]
The White-faced cockatiel first appeared in 1964. [8]
Other varieties include Cinnamon cockatiel, [9] the Pearled cockatiel which appeared in Germany in 1967 or 1968, [10] and Pastelface cockatiel. [11]
All cockatiel colour genetic mutations produce the same call.
The cockatiel, also known as the weero/weiro or quarrion, is a medium-sized parrot that is a member of its own branch of the cockatoo family endemic to Australia. They are prized as household pets and companion parrots throughout the world and are relatively easy to breed. As a caged bird, cockatiels are second in popularity only to the budgerigar.
The rosy-faced lovebird, also known as the rosy-collared or peach-faced lovebird, is a species of lovebird native to arid regions in southwestern Africa such as the Namib Desert. Loud and constant chirpers, these birds are very social animals and often congregate in small groups in the wild. They eat throughout the day and take frequent baths. Coloration can vary widely among populations. Plumage is identical in males and females. Lovebirds are renowned for their sleep position in which they sit side-by-side and turn their faces in towards each other. Also, females are well noted to tear raw materials into long strips, "twisty-tie" them onto their backs, and fly substantial distances back to make a nest. These birds are common in the pet industry.
Fischer's lovebird is a small parrot species of the genus Agapornis. They were originally discovered in the late 19th century. They are named after German explorer Gustav Fischer.
The science of budgerigar color genetics deals with the heredity of mutations which cause color variation in the feathers of the species known scientifically as Melopsittacus undulatus. Birds of this species are commonly known by the terms 'budgerigar', or informally just 'budgie'.
The yellow-collared lovebird, also called masked lovebird, black-masked lovebird or eye ring lovebird, is a monotypic species of bird of the lovebird genus in the parrot family Psittaculidae. They are native to Arusha Region of Tanzania and have been introduced to Burundi and Kenya. Although they have been observed in the wild in Puerto Rico, they are probably the result of escaped pets, and no reproduction has been recorded. They have also been observed in Arizona.
The Pacific parrotlet, also known as Lesson's parrotlet, or the celestial parrotlet, is a species of small parrot in the family Psittacidae.
The Recessive Pied budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Danish Pied variety, aka Harlequin. It is believed by Inte Onsman of MUTAVI to be the same mutation as the Anti-dimorphic Pied found in some parrots. The Dark-eyed Clear variety results when the Recessive Pied and Clearflight Pied characters are combined.
The science of cockatiel colour genetics deals with the heredity of colour variation in the feathers of cockatiels, Nymphicus hollandicus. Colour mutations are a natural but very rare phenomenon that occur in either captivity or the wild. About fifteen primary colour mutations have been established in the species which enable the production of many different combinations. Note that this article is heavily based on the captive or companion cockatiel rather than the wild cockatiel species.
The Blue budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is part of the genetic constitution of the following recognised varieties: Skyblue, Cobalt, Mauve and Violet.
The Opaline budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour or appearance of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Opaline variety. When combined with the Yellowface II and Clearwing mutations the Rainbow variety is produced.
The Cinnamon Budgerigar Mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Cinnamon variety and, with Ino, a constituent mutation of the Lacewing variety.
The Ino budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Albino and Lutino varieties and, with Cinnamon, a constituent mutation of the Lacewing variety.
The German Fallow budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. At least three types of Fallow, the German, English, and Scottish, all named after their country of origin, have been established, although none of these types is common. They are superficially similar, but adult birds may be distinguished by examining the eye. All have red eyes, but the German Fallow shows the usual white iris ring, the eye of the English Fallow is a solid red with a barely discernible iris and the iris of the Scottish Fallow is pink.
The Clearflight Pied budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Continental Clearflight and Dutch Pied varieties. The Dark-eyed Clear variety results when the Recessive Pied and Clearflight Pied characters are combined.
The red-suffusion rose-faced lovebird, also known as the red-pied lovebird, is not a true colour mutation of lovebird species. Many breeders believe it is due to a health issue, most likely dealing with the bird's liver. Some think the red-pied has some genetic relations with the Lutino rosy-faced lovebird mutation, as many cases of red spots appear in Lutino lovebirds. Although many breeders of parrots have claimed that this is a genetic mutation, no one has been able to successfully reproduce it through a series of generations.
The lutino peach-faced love bird is one of the most popular mutations of rosy-faced lovebird. It is closely followed by the Dutch blue lovebird in popularity.
The grey parrot, also known as the Congo grey parrot, Congo African grey parrot or African grey parrot, is an Old World parrot in the family Psittacidae. The Timneh parrot (Psittacus timneh) once was identified as a subspecies of the grey parrot, but has since been elevated to a full species.
The lutino cockatiel is one of the most popular mutations of cockatiel, with white to light-yellow feathers and orange cheek patches.
The Pied cockatiel is the first mutation of cockatiel colour genetics, with a mostly grey to light-yellow and white feathers and orange cheek patches.
The white-faced cockatiel is one of the cockatiel colour genetic mutations, with a mostly white or grayish face. They stand out because they have no orange cheek patches or yellow coloring at all. This is the seventh established mutation which appeared for the first time with domesticated cockatiels in 1964 in Holland.
