A nosegay, posy, or tussie-mussie is a small flower bouquet. They have existed in some form since at least medieval times, when they were carried or worn around the head or bodice. [1] Doilies are traditionally used to bind the stems in these arrangements. Alternatively, "posy holders", available in a variety of shapes and materials (although often silver), enable the wearing of these arrangements "at the waist, in the hair, or secured with a brooch". [2]
The term nosegay arose in fifteenth century Middle English as a combination of nose and gay (the latter then meaning "ornament"). A nosegay is, thus, an ornament that appeals to the nose or nostril. [3] [4]
The term tussie-mussie (also tussy-mussy) comes from the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), when the small bouquets became a popular fashion accessory. Typically, tussie-mussies include floral symbolism from the language of flowers and therefore may be used to send a message to the recipient. [5] In modern times, the term specifically refers to small bouquets in a conical metal holder, or the holder itself, particularly when used at a white wedding. [6] [7]
In the 18th century and earlier, tussie-mussies were often carried to ward off foul odors, or miasmas, as it was believed that the pleasant scents of flowers and herbs promoted well-being. [8] Plants like lavender, rosemary, thyme, and sage were used during the plague for their disinfecting properties, as well as their strong aromas. [9] [10] Bouquets were often made from paper napkins or special small silver holders, but in the modern version, ribbon is used instead. Over time, tussie-mussies became more of a fashion accessory than a health necessity and might have disappeared entirely if not for a small book by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. [11] Her book narrated a secret code in which flowers were used to convey messages in the Turkish harem. [12] [13] The intrigue of receiving secret messages this way became a popular pastime.
