Year 1237 (MCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.
The Lombard League was a medieval alliance formed in 1167, supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to assert influence over the Kingdom of Italy as a part of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27 November 1237 in the course of the Guelphs and Ghibellines Wars: in it, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Second Lombard League.
The Ezzelini were a noble family in medieval Italy. The family was founded by Ecelo (Ezzelo), who received the fiefs of Romano d'Ezzelino and Onara
Ezzelino III da Romano was an Italian feudal lord, a member of the Ezzelini family, in the March of Treviso. He was a close ally of the emperor Frederick II, and ruled Verona, Vicenza and Padua for almost two decades. He became infamous as a cruel tyrant, and was, in fact, the most "notorious" of the "early tyrants".
The Battle of Parma was fought on 18 February 1248 between the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the Lombard League. The Guelphs attacked the Imperial camp when Frederick II was away. The Imperial forces were defeated and much of Frederick's treasure was lost.
Romano d'Ezzelino is a small city with c. 14,000 residents in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It lies in the foothills of Monte Grappa and is located among some hills and country. The name "Romano" comes from Arimanno, a Lombard word meaning "military settlement". "Ezzelino" refers to the family of Ezzelini, who moved to Romano in 1199.
Cunizza da Romano was an Italian noblewoman and a member of the da Romano dynasty, one of the most prominent families in northeastern Italy, Cunizza's marriages and liaisons, most notably with troubadour Sordello da Goito, are widely documented. Cunizza also appears as a character in a number of works of literature, such as Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy.
The March of Verona and Aquileia was a vast march of the Holy Roman Empire in the northeastern Italian Peninsula during the Middle Ages, centered on the cities of Verona and Aquileia. Seized by King Otto I of Germany in 952, it was held by the Dukes of Bavaria; from 976 in personal union with the Duchy of Carinthia. The margravial regime ended with the advent of the Lombard League in 1167.
Alberico da Romano, called Alberico II, was an Italian condottiero, troubadour, and an alternatingly Guelph and Ghibelline statesman. He was also a patron of Occitan literature.
Gregorio di Montelongo was the Bishop of Tripoli from 1249 until 1251 and the Patriarch of Aquileia from 1251 until his death.
Azzo VII d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara was marquis of Ferrara from 1215 to 1222, and again from 1240 until his death.
Biaquino II da Camino was an Italian nobleman and military leader, a member of the da Camino family and lord of Treviso.
Frederick of Antioch (c. 1223 – 1255/6) was an Italian nobleman who served as the imperial vicar of Tuscany from 1246 to 1250. He was an illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, by an unidentified southern Italian noblewoman. He took part in the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines in northern Italy, and in the war over the Kingdom of Sicily following his father's death (1250).
Ezzelino II da Romano, also known as Ezzelino il Monaco was an Italian nobleman of the Ezzelini family, who was lord of Onara, Romano, Bassano and Godego.
Ezzelino I da Romano, also known as Ezzelino il Balbo was an Italian nobleman of the Ezzelini family, who was lord of Onara, Romano, Bassano and Godego.
Rinaldo d'Este was a member of the House of Este.
Giordano Forzatè, anglicized Jordan Forzatè, was a Paduan Benedictine monk and religious leader. For his noble background, peacemaking efforts and monastic reforms, the Chronicle of the Trevisan March calls him the pater Padue, "father of Padua".
Filippo da Pistoia, also called Filippo Fontana or anglicized Philip, was an Italian prelate, military leader and diplomat. He was the bishop-elect of Ferrara from 1239 until 1252, bishop-elect of Florence from 1250 until 1251 and archbishop of Ravenna from 1250 until his death. He was the apostolic legate in Germany between July 1246 and March 1247, in Lombardy and the Trevigiana between December 1255 and August 1258 and throughout northern Italy between 1267 and February 1270. He served as podestà (mayor) of Ravenna in 1254.
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