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Olympia & York (also spelled as Olympia and York, abbreviated as O&Y) was a major international property development firm based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The firm built major financial office complexes including Canary Wharf in London, the World Financial Center in New York City, and First Canadian Place in Toronto. It went bankrupt in the early 1990s and was recreated to eventually become Olympia & York Properties. [1]
The company was founded by Paul Reichmann and his brothers, Albert and Ralph, in Toronto in the early 1950s as an outgrowth of their Olympia Flooring and Tile Company. [2] It first built and operated warehouses and other commercial buildings in Toronto. Its first major project was the development of the vast Flemingdon Park project on Don Mills Road. [3]
The company then took a major gamble, winning the fierce bidding war for the final undeveloped property at the corner of King and Bay street (the geographic heart of Canada's financial district). The Reichmans won the contract to build Canada's tallest building, First Canadian Place in 1971. The project almost collapsed, however, when reformist mayor David Crombie put a halt to major development projects. After three years of lobbying, the project finally went ahead, to great success. [ citation needed ]
In the 1980s, Olympia & York grew to be the largest property development firm in the world. [2] In the early 1980s the New York City real estate market was severely depressed, and the Reichmanns bought a group of nine skyscrapers for the low price of $300 million. In only a few years the group rose in value to $3.5 billion. The company became centred on New York, opening an office on Park Avenue. The company won the rights to the largest development project in the city when they were awarded the contract to develop the Battery Park City neighborhood next to the World Trade Center. This project became the World Financial Center and was another great success for the firm.
In 1980, they had also acquired English Property Corp, [4] one of the largest British developers. That led the company to undertake development of the Canary Wharf site in the east of London. The 83-acre (336,000 m2) site would become the largest development project in the world, which would incorporate One Canada Square, Britain's tallest skyscraper at the time. The project ran into problems, however. Britain entered a recession, British firms were unwilling to relocate from the traditional financial centre within the City of London, and despite a personal promise by Margaret Thatcher, the London Underground line known as the Jubilee Line Extension was delayed in construction awaiting the contributions from Olympia & York (with the line eventually opening in the year 2000). The office space at Canary Wharf remained largely empty, and Olympia & York began to run out of cash. At the same time, New York City and its real estate market began a deep recession, and Olympia & York, which was now the largest property holder in Manhattan, began to feel cash flow problems which deeply affected the pyramid-like financing strategy that the Reichmann brothers had adopted.
As well, they held a significant shareholding in the Royal Trustco. [5]
Both Reichmann brothers were strongly religious Haredi Jews, and shut down their construction sites for the Jewish Sabbath and for all Jewish holidays. Even while the success of O&Y made them one of the world's richest families, they continued to live relatively austere lives.
The company diversified through the 1980s. The firm acquired a 50.1% control of Brinco Ltd. [4] in 1980. In 1981, the company acquired an 82% controlling interest in Abitibi-Price Inc. [6] In 1985 the company bought Gulf Canada, [7] a deal that attracted much controversy because it earned the company multimillion-dollar tax breaks.[ according to whom? ] Following a highly publicized legal battle with Britain's Allied Lyons PLC [4] for control of Canadian-based distillers Hiram Walker-Gooderham and Worts Distillery, [4] the makers of the popular Canadian Club brand of rye whiskey, in 1987 Olympia & York became Allied Lyons' largest shareholder.
In March 1992, Paul Reichmann was forced to resign as president. [8] In May, the company filed for bankruptcy and it owed over 20 billion dollars [8] to various banks and investors. The company was finally dismembered in February 1993, and the Reichmanns were left with only a small rump known as Olympia & York Properties Corporation. The new company has again grown into a multibillion-dollar firm, including retaining a large stake of the now prosperous Canary Wharf project. However, they no longer have large holdings in New York City. Many of the NYC properties are now under Brookfield Properties. [9] [10]
A list of notable O&Y current and previous ownership properties:
Following the collapse of Olympia and York, the Reichmanns began to rebuild their empire. Olympia & York Properties Corporation and O&Y REIT returned to the real estate market in Canada, owning 18 properties in six Canadian cities. In 2005 the family sold these two real estate arms to revive Brookfield Properties for $2.1 billion. [12]
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One Canada Square is a skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London. It is the third tallest building in the United Kingdom at 770 feet (235 m) above ground level, and contains 50 storeys. It achieved the title of the tallest building in the UK upon completion in 1991 and held the title for 21 years until the completion of The Shard (310m) in 2012.
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Canada Square is a square at Canary Wharf in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, located in London. Canada Square is surrounded by three of the tallest buildings in the United Kingdom, including One Canada Square, which was the tallest building in the United Kingdom from 1990 until late 2010, when it was surpassed by The Shard in the London Borough of Southwark.
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Paul Reichmann was a Canadian businessman and member of the Reichmann family. He is best known for his leadership of the Olympia & York real estate development company.
Albert Reichmann was a Canadian businessman. He was one of five brothers who controlled the Reichmann business empire. Together with his wife Egosah they had four children, Philip, David, Bernice and Libby. The Reichmann family is listed as one of Canada's 100 richest families.
The Reichmann family is a Jewish-Canadian family best known for their property empire built through the Olympia and York company.
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