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Maria da Graça Gregório de Freitas is a Portuguese physician and public health specialist who is the current Director-General of Health and inherently the chief medical officer and leading spokesperson on matters of public health in Portugal,since 2018. She has work published in the fields of vaccination,prevention and control of communicable diseases,public health emergencies,and health communication.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The first imported case in Cambodia was detected in Sihanoukville on 27 January 2020. Although a number of imported cases and transmission to direct contacts were confirmed throughout 2020,no community transmission was detected until 29 November 2020. As of July 2021,Phnom Penh has been the most affected province with the majority of infections and deaths. Banteay Meanchey has the second-highest number of infections,whereas Kandal has second-highest number of deaths.
Nicola Mary Turner is a New Zealand public health advocate who is an honorary Professor at the University of Auckland and Director of the Immunisation Advisory Centre,an organisation that advises the New Zealand medical profession and the New Zealand Government. She has contributed to advisory committees for the New Zealand Ministry of Health,is a spokesperson for the Child Poverty Action Group and works in general practice. Much of her research and outreach has focused on improving immunisation coverage and closing equity gaps for the national schedule vaccine delivery in New Zealand and she has commented publicly on these issues during COVID-19 in New Zealand.
CoronaVac,also known as the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine,is a whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech. It was Phase III clinical trialled in Brazil,Chile,Indonesia,the Philippines,and Turkey and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines,such as the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine,another Chinese vaccine,and Covaxin,an Indian vaccine. CoronaVac does not need to be frozen,and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F),temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.
The Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine,also known as BBIBP-CorV,the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine,or BIBP vaccine,is one of two whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccines developed by Sinopharm's Beijing Institute of Biological Products. It completed Phase III trials in Argentina,Bahrain,Egypt,Morocco,Pakistan,Peru,and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with over 60,000 participants. BBIBP-CorV shares similar technology with CoronaVac and Covaxin,other inactivated virus vaccines for COVID-19. Its product name is SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine,not to be confused with the similar product name of CoronaVac.
Vaccination against COVID-19 in Sweden started on 27 December 2020 after the approval of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine by the European Commission. In Sweden,the Public Health Agency has been commissioned by the government to create a vaccination plan. Sveriges riksbank,the central bank of Sweden,predicts that efficient vaccination against COVID-19 has macroeconomic benefits. As of 20 April 2022,87.1% of people in Sweden have received at least one dose,with a total of 21,491,717 doses administered. At least one vaccine has been approved for all age groups 12 and older. Children younger than 12 in high risk groups can also be vaccinated.
Israel's COVID-19 vaccination programme,officially named "Give a Shoulder",began on 19 December 2020,and has been praised for its speed,having given twenty percent of the Israeli population the first dose of the vaccines' two dose regimen in the span of three weeks.
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The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Albania is a mass immunization campaign that was put in place by the Albanian authorities in order to respond to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It started on 11 January 2021.
The COVID-19 vaccination program in Colombia is an ongoing effort of mass immunization put in place by the Colombian government in order to respond to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The virus causing COVID-19 was confirmed to have reached Colombia on 6 March 2020. Colombia's preparation and readiness for a vaccine program allowed it to join the first group of countries who received vaccines through COVAX. The first vaccine in Colombia was given to a nurse on 17 February 2021.
COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand began on 20 February 2021,and will continue throughout the pandemic with the goal of vaccinating all willing New Zealanders aged 5 or older. Those aged 5 to 11 require a parent,caregiver or legal guardian accompany them to their appointment and provide consent for them to be vaccinated. As of 1 September,anyone in New Zealand,regardless of their immigration status,is eligible to be vaccinated.
Bhutan has promised a free COVID-19 vaccination to all of its citizens,both inside and outside the country. It started mass vaccinations on 27 March 2021.
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Quebec is an ongoing provincial effort to distribute and administer vaccines against COVID-19.
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Nepal began administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 27 January 2021. 1 million Oxford-Astrazeneca vaccines were provided by India as a grant while Nepal brought 2 million doses from Serum Institute of India (SII) and was one of the first to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The delivery of the first 1 million doses arrived on 21 February. In March,India's decision to ban exports of vaccines created uncertainty over whether Nepal would be able to continue its vaccinations. By April,SII had only provided half of the 2 million doses for which Nepal had paid in full. A spokesperson for the Indian Ministry of External Affairs rejected the notion of an export ban and said "We will export vaccines taking into account the domestic demand." By late July,there was still uncertainty in Nepal over when SII would deliver the vaccines that were purchased,although Prime Minister Narendra Modi said India would "resume the supply of vaccines soon."
Institut Pasteur du Cambodge is a medical research centre and public health institute in Phnom Penh,Cambodia. It is part of the Pasteur Institute's international network of health centres and is partnered with the Ministry of Health. It was first established in 1953 and reopened in 1992 after the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements.
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Ukraine is an ongoing mass immunization campaign for the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine.
As of December 2022,the global COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing,but the disease may shift from a pandemic stage to an endemic stage in the future. Endemicity is characterized by people continuing to be infected and becoming ill,but in relatively stable numbers compared to the preceding pandemic. The observed behavior of the SARS-CoV-2 virus suggests it is unlikely it will die out,and the lack of a COVID-19 vaccine that provides long-lasting immunity against infection means it cannot be eradicated.
References
- ↑ "Local COVID-19 preparedness is key to success". www.who.int. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Cases Rise by 28 as Outbreak Spreads Through Sihanoukville". Cambodianess. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
- ↑ "Cambodia forms ad-hoc committee for COVID-19 vaccination". Xinhua. 17 March 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ↑ "Fulbright success". The Phnom Penh Post. 6 September 1996. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
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