Order of the House of Orange

Last updated
Order of the House of Orange
Huisorde van Oranje
Huisorde van Oranje Ridderkruis.jpg
The Honorary Cross of the Order of the House of Orange
Awarded by Royal Standard of the Netherlands.svg King of the Netherlands
Type House Order
Established19 March 1905
MottoJE MAINTIENDRAI
Awarded forpersons who have rendered special service to the Royal House
StatusCurrently constituted
Grand Master King Willem-Alexander
ChancellorBert Wassenaar [1]
GradesVery complex, see "History"
Precedence
Next (higher) Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
Next (lower) Honorable Mention,
Bronze Lion
Equivalent Order for Loyalty and Merit,
Order of the Crown
Order of the House of Orange - Ribbon bar.svg
Ribbon bar of the Order of the House of Orange

Sash with badge and star of the grade Grand Cross Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange (Holland) - Memorial JK - Brasilia - DSC00382.JPG
Sash with badge and star of the grade Grand Cross

The Order of the House of Orange (Dutch: Huisorde van Oranje), sometimes referred to as the House Order of Orange, is a dynastic order of the House of Orange-Nassau, the royal family of the Netherlands similar to the Royal Victorian Order in the United Kingdom. The order was instituted by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands on 19 March 1905 and is not subject to ministerial responsibility or influence, but is awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.

Contents

History

1905 1969

In 1905, Queen Wilhelmina felt the need for a House Order because the Order of the Oak Crown of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, used by her father and grandfather to reward Dutch subjects, was no longer available to her, as succession to the throne of Luxembourg was directed by the House treaty of the House of Nassau in a way comparable to the Salic Law within its constitution in 1890.

The Order of the House of Orange had a very complex nomenclature, with 18 different classes and medals:

  1. NLD Order of the House of Orange - Grand Cross BAR.svg Grand Cross
  2. NED Huisorde van Oranje A2 BAR.png Grand Officer
  3. NLD Order of the House of Orange - Grand Honorary Cross BAR.svg Commander
  4. NED Huisorde van Oranje A4 BAR.png Officer
  5. Order of the House of Orange - Ribbon bar.svg Knight
  6. Knight 2nd. Class (since 1908)
  7. NED Huisorde van Oranje C1 BAR.png The Golden Medal for Art and Science (equal in rank to a Grand Officer and very rare)
  8. NED Huisorde van Oranje C1 BAR.png The Golden Medal for Initiative and Ingenuity (since 1917, equal in rank to a Grand Officer and very rare)
  9. NED Huisorde van Oranje C2 BAR.png The Silver Medal for Art and Science (equal in rank to an Officer and rare)
  10. NED Huisorde van Oranje C2 BAR.png The Silver Medal for Initiative and Ingenuity (since 1917, equal in rank to an Officer and rare)
  11. Dame of Honour
  12. Golden Cross of Merit
  13. Silver Cross of Merit
  14. NED Huisorde van Oranje B1 BAR.png Golden Medal of Honour
  15. NED Huisorde van Oranje B2 BAR.png Silver Medal of Honour
  16. NED Huisorde van Oranje B3 BAR.png Bronze Medal of Honour
  17. Medal for saving lives from deadly peril (since 1910)
  18. NED Huisorde van Oranje C3 BAR.png The Bronze Medal for Art and Science. (equal in rank to a knight and rare)

The number does not indicate a rank within the Order. The Dame of Honour was neither inferior nor superior to another grade; however the highest rank was the Grand Cross. The insignia vary considerably amongst these awards; however, they all share the same orange ribbon, symbolizing the House of Orange.

More than 3200 decorations were conferred between 1905 and 1969, mostly to Court Dignitaries, the Queen's household, and doctors and lawyers who could choose between sending a bill for their services or a decoration in the House Order.

Reorganisation of the order in 1969

By court decree on 30 November 1969, Queen Juliana decided to reorganise the Order to bring it more in line with the ever more egalitarian spirit of the Dutch society. As a result, the order is now divided into four semi-independent groups:

  1. The House Order
  2. The Order for Loyalty and Merit
  3. Honorary medals
    1. The Honorary medal for Arts and Science
    2. The Honorary medal for Initiative and Ingenuity
  4. The Order of the Crown
House Order
(knight's cross)
Order for Loyalty and Merit
(knight's cross)
Order of the Crown
(knight's cross)
Huisorde van Oranje Ridderkruis.jpg
Orde van Trouw en Verdienste Huisorde.jpg
Kroonorde Nederland ridderkruis.jpg
Ribbon Bar
Order of the House of Orange - Ribbon bar.svg
Order of the House of Orange - Ribbon bar.svg
Order of the Crown (Netherlands).svg

The House Order today

Since the reorganisation in 1969 the House Order itself has these grades:

  1. NLD Order of the House of Orange - Grand Cross BAR.svg Grand Cross (Grootkruis) - badge may be worn on a sash on the right shoulder, plus an 8-pointed star on the left chest;
  2. NLD Order of the House of Orange - Grand Honorary Cross BAR.svg Grand Honorary Cross (Groot erekruis) - wears the badge on a necklet;
  3. Order of the House of Orange - Ribbon bar.svg Honorary Cross (Erekruis) - wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest.

Every subject of the King (or Queen) of the Netherlands, apart from the members of the Royal House (see note), can be awarded the Cross of Honour. Once awarded, the recipient can be promoted to a higher grade of the House Order after three years.

Note: The Royal House (Koninklijk Huis) is a rather complex definition within Dutch constitutional theory and Dutch law. It consists of the Monarch, his or her consort, former monarchs and their consorts and those members of his family that have a right to succeed him up to the second degree and their consorts. The Government is responsible for the actions and words of the monarch and in a lesser respect the members of the Royal House. The House is not the same as the Royal Family. The Queen's second son decided not to ask for parliamentary approval for his marriage and lost his right to succeed to the throne, his membership of the Royal House and the title Prince of the Netherlands. He did however retain the style and title of Royal Highness, a Prince of Orange-Nassau and a member of the Royal Family.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juliana of the Netherlands</span> Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)

Juliana was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands</span> King of the Netherlands

Willem-Alexander is King of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelmina of the Netherlands</span> Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948

Wilhelmina was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I, the Dutch economic crisis of 1933 and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess Margriet of the Netherlands</span> Princess of The Netherlands

Princess Margriet of the Netherlands is the third daughter of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard. As an aunt of the reigning monarch, King Willem-Alexander, she is a member of the Dutch Royal House and currently eighth and last in the line of succession to the throne.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</span> Prince consort of the Netherlands

Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was Prince consort of the Netherlands from 7 February 1901 until his death in 1934 as the husband of Queen Wilhelmina. He was the longest-serving Dutch consort.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military Order of William</span> Oldest and highest honor of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Military William Order, or often named Military Order of William, is the oldest and highest honour of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is named after St. William of Gellone (755–814), the first Prince of Orange. Its motto is Voor Moed, Beleid en Trouw. The chivalric order was established on 30 April 1815 by King William I and was presented for feats of excellent bravery on the battlefield and as a meritorious decoration to senior military officers. Comparable with the French Légion d’Honneur but far less often awarded, it is open to everyone regardless of rank or nobility—not only to Dutch military, but also to foreigners. To date, membership in the Order is extremely rarely awarded, and only for exceptional bravery in battle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Orange-Nassau</span> Dutch order of chivalry

The Order of Orange-Nassau is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Netherlands Lion</span> Dutch order of chivalry

The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also known as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Crown (Netherlands)</span>

The Order of the Crown is a house order of the Dutch Royal House. The order came into being as a result of Queen Juliana's reorganization of the Order of the House of Orange in 1969. The 18 classes of the house order were no longer felt to be appropriate in the ever more egalitarian Dutch society of the 1960s. The Order was divided into five subdivisions. As a house order it is not subject to ministerial responsibility or influence, but is awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Oak Crown</span> Heraldic order of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

The Order of the Oak Crown is an order of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Adolphe of Nassau</span>

The Order of Civil and Military Merit of Adolph of Nassau is an order of merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg for meritorious service to the Grand Duke, the Grand-Ducal House and Luxembourg. It was founded in 1858 as a chivalric order of the Duchy of Nassau by Adolphe of Nassau in honor of his namesake and ancestor, Adolf, Count of Nassau, the only member of the House of Nassau to have been Roman King of Germany. After the Duchy of Nassau was annexed by Prussia in 1866 and Adolphe became Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1890, he revived the order as an order of merit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orders, decorations, and medals of the Netherlands</span>

In the Dutch honours system, most orders are the responsibility of ministers of the Netherlands Government. The house orders, however, are awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau</span> Chivalric order in Luxembourg and Netherlands

The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau is a chivalric order shared by the two branches of the House of Nassau.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld</span> Spouse of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, prince-consort of the Netherlands

Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld was a German nobleman who was Prince consort of the Netherlands from 6 September 1948 to 30 April 1980 as the husband of Queen Juliana. They were the parents of four children, including Beatrix, who was Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchy of the Netherlands</span> Constitutional and hereditary monarchy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

The monarchy of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. As such, the role and position of the monarch are governed by the Constitution of the Netherlands. Consequently, a large portion of it is devoted to the monarch. Roughly a third of the document explains the succession, mechanisms of accession & abdication to the throne, and the roles & duties of the monarch. This includes the formalities of communication between the States-General and the monarch's role in creating laws.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honorary Order of the Palm</span>

The Honorary Order of the Palm is a military and civil state decoration of the Republic of Suriname. The Order was instituted in 1975 at the independence of Suriname and replaced the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau. It is awarded to individuals for special service in the civil or military field. The order is also eligible for foreigners. The president of Suriname is the Grand Master of the order.

The orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg have their foundation in the Duchy of Nassau. The top tier order of Luxembourg being the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau is the House Order of the House of Nassau. The next in the order of honours precedence is the Order of Adolphe of Nassau, was founded by Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, in 1858 while he was the last reigning Duke of Nassau.

References