Natural gas is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and helium are also usually present. Methane is colorless and odorless, and the second largest greenhouse gas contributor to global climate change after carbon dioxide. So odorizers such as mercaptan are commonly added to natural gas supplies for safety so that leaks can be readily detected.
Karachaganak Field is a gas condensate field about 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Aksay (Ақсай) in northwest Kazakhstan. It was once a massive Permian and Carboniferous reef complex covering an area 30 by 15 square kilometres. At its largest point, the reservoir contains a gas column 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) deep with a 200 metres (660 ft) deep oil rim below it. It is estimated to contain 1.2 trillion cubic metres of gas and one billion tonnes of liquid condensate and crude oil. Discovered in 1979, it began production under Karachaganakgazprom, a subsidiary of Gazprom. In 1992, AGIP and British Gas were awarded sole negotiating rights, forming a partnership company. In 1997, Texaco and Lukoil signed a 40-year production sharing agreement with the original two companies and the Kazakhstan government to develop the field for world markets. The agreement was turned under a partnership company known as Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO) where Royal Dutch Shell and ENI are joint operators with a 29.25% stake each in the company, and with Chevron and Lukoil owning 18% and 13.5% respectively. In September 2009 the KPO filed an arbitration case against Kazakhstan. The Republic of Kazakhstan appointed Maksat Idenov to lead the negotiations, after which the arbitration was suspended towards an amicable settlement of the dispute and KazMunayGas engaged in entrance into the project in 2010. Under the terms of an agreement reached on December 14, 2011, the Republic of Kazakhstan has acquired through KazMunayGas a 10% stake for $2 billion cash and $1 billion non-cash consideration.
The South Pars/North Dome field is a natural-gas condensate field located in the Persian Gulf. It is by far the world's largest natural gas field, with ownership of the field shared between Iran and Qatar. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the field holds an estimated 1,800 trillion cubic feet of in-situ natural gas and some 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates. On the list of natural gas fields it has almost as much recoverable reserves as all the other fields combined. It has significant geostrategic influence.
Peak gas is the point in time when the maximum global natural gas production rate will be reached, after which the rate of production will enter its terminal decline. Although demand is peaking in the United States and Europe, it continues to rise globally due to consumers in Asia, especially China. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed from plant matter over the course of millions of years. Natural gas derived from fossil fuels is a non-renewable energy source; however, methane can be renewable in other forms such as biogas. Peak coal was in 2013, and peak oil is forecast to occur before peak gas. One forecast is for natural gas demand to peak in 2035.
Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan and the politics of Kazakhstan related to energy.
The Kandym–Khausak–Shady–Kungrad project is a project to develop natural gas fields in Uzbekistan. The project is carried out by consortium of Lukoil (90%) and the Uzbekneftegaz (10%).
The natural gas in Qatar covers a large portion of the world supply of natural gas. According to the Oil & Gas Journal, as of January 1, 2011, reserves of natural gas in Qatar were measured at approximately 896 trillion cubic feet ; this measurement means that the state contains 14% of all known natural-gas reserves, as the world's third-largest reserves, behind Russia and Iran. The majority of Qatar's natural gas is located in the massive offshore North Field, which spans an area roughly equivalent to Qatar itself. A part of the world's largest non-associated, natural-gas field, the North Field, is a geological extension of Iran's South Pars / North Dome Gas-Condensate field, which holds an additional 450 trillion cubic feet of recoverable natural-gas reserves.
The Mozdok–Makhachkala–Kazi Magomed pipeline is a natural gas pipeline from Mozdok in North Ossetia through Chechnya and Dagestan to Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani section is also known as the Kazi Magomed–Novo Filya or Baku–Novo Filya, and it connects Baku with the Novo Filya gas metering utility on the Russian side of the Azerbaijan-Russia border. The pipeline will be used for transportation of Azerbaijani gas to Russia starting from 1 January 2010.
Chayanda field is a large hydrocarbon resource field, primarily of natural gas and gas condensates. It is located in the Lensky District of the Sakha Republic in Yakutiya.
The Odeske gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2009 and developed by Chornomornaftogaz in cooperation with the China National Offshore Oil Corporation. It started commercial production on 5 September 2012. The total proven reserves of the Odesa gas field are around 746 billion cubic feet, and production is slated to be around 35 million cubic feet per day in 2015.
The Arkhangelske gas field natural gas field is located in the north-western part of the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1989 and developed by Chornomornaftogaz and Shelton Canada. It is located 60–70 kilometres (37–43 mi) off the coast, at a depth of 51 metres (167 ft).
The East-Tarkosalinskoye gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1971 and developed by Novatek. It began production in 1994 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the East-Tarkosalinskoye gas field are around 7.013 trillion cubic feet (198×109m³), and production is slated to be around 1.23 billion cubic feet/day (34.8×105m³) in 2010.
The Khancheyskoye gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1990 and developed by and Novatek. It began production in 2001 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Khancheyskoye gas field are around 1.151 trillion cubic feet (32.6×109m³), and production is slated to be around 347.7 million cubic feet/day (9.8×105m³) in 2010.
The South-Tambeyskoye gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1974. The field is operated by Yamal LNG, controlled by Novatek. It produces natural gas and condensates.
The Bovanenkovo gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1972 and developed by Gazprom. It began production in 2012 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Bovanenkovo gas field are around 171.5 trillion cubic feet (4.9×1012 cubic metres), and production is stated to be around 11 billion cubic feet (311,000,000 cubic metres) per day in 2010. The Bovanenkovo gas field is part of the Yamal project.
The Holitsynske gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1974 and developed by Chornomornaftogaz. It started commercial production in 1975. The total proven reserves of the Holitsynske gas field are around 544 billion cubic feet, and production is slated to be around 20 million cubic feet per day in 2015.
The Shtormove gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1974 and developed by Chornomornaftogaz. It started commercial production in 1983. The total proven reserves of the Shtormove gas field are around 583 billion cubic feet, and production is slated to be around 40 million cubic feet per day in 2015.
The Chaika gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2013 and developed by PetroCeltic. It will begin production in 2018 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Chaika gas field are around 80 billion cubic feet (2.3 km³), and production is slated to be around 40 million cubic feet/day (0,56×106m³) in 2018.
The Kharampur gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1966 and developed by and Gazprom. It began production in 1972 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Kharampur gas field are around 18.4 trillion cubic feet (526 km³), and production is slated to be around 250 million cubic feet/day (7.1×105m³) in 2013.
The natural gas transmission system of Ukraine is a complex of natural gas transmission pipelines for gas import and transit in Ukraine. It is one of the largest gas transmission systems in the world. The system is linked with natural gas transmission systems of Russia and Belarus on one hand, and with systems of Poland, Romania, Moldova, Hungary and Slovakia on the other hand. The system is owned by Government of Ukraine and operated by Ukrtransgaz. Some local transmission lines together with distribution sets are owned by regional gas companies.
