Related Research Articles
Bahrain was a central location of the ancient Dilmun civilization. Bahrain's strategic location in the Persian Gulf has brought rule and influence from mostly the Persians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Portuguese, the Arabs, and the British.
The Eastern Province, also known as the Eastern Region, is the easternmost of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia. It is the nation's largest province by area and the third most populous after the Riyadh and Mecca provinces. In 2017, the population was 4,900,325. Of these, 3,140,362 were Saudi citizens and 1,759,963 were foreign nationals The province accounts for 15.05% of the entire population of Saudi Arabia and is named for its geographical location relative to the rest of the kingdom.
The Qarmatians were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in Al-Ahsa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious—and, as some scholars have claimed, proto-socialist or utopian socialist—state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adhered to a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam, and were ruled by a dynasty founded by Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, a Persian from Jannaba in coastal Fars. They rejected the claim of Fatimid Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah to imamate and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi, and they revolted against the Fatimid and Abbasid Caliphates.
Al Ahsa also known as Hajar is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after the Al-Ahsa Oasis. In Classical Arabic, 'Ahsa' means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with world-renowned date palms and, according to one author, the oases of Al-Hasa and Al Ain are the most important in the Arabian Peninsula. The oasis is located about 60 mi (97 km) inland from the Arabian Gulf. All urban areas are located in the traditional oasis of Al-Hasa. In addition to the oasis, the county also includes the giant Empty Quarter desert, making it the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia in terms of area. The Empty Quarter has the world's largest oil fields, and connects Saudi Arabia to Qatar, the UAE, and Oman. The Governorate's population is over 1,100,000. In the past, Al-Ahsa belonged to the historical region known as Bahrain, along with Qatif and the present-day Bahrain islands.
Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It extends from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south, and from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west. This region has its own municipality and includes the Qatif downtown, Safwa, Saihat, Tarout Island, and many other smaller cities and towns.
Eastern Arabia, is a region stretched from Basra to Khasab along the Persian Gulf coast and included parts of modern-day Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The entire coastal strip of Eastern Arabia was known as "Bahrain" for a millennium.
The Usfurids were an Arab dynasty that in 1253 gained control of Eastern Arabia, including the islands of Bahrain. They were a branch of Uqaylids who re-migrated to Arabia after the fall of their rule in Syria.
Al-Awwam bin Mohammad bin Yusuf Al-Zajaj, known as Abu al-Bahlul was a Shiite member of the Abdul Qays tribe in Bahrain who overthrew Ismaili Qarmatian rule of the islands around 1058.
Abu Sa'id Hasan ibn Bahram al-Jannabi was a Shia and the founder of the Qarmatian state in Bahrayn. By 899, his followers controlled large parts of the region, and in 900, he scored a major victory over an Abbasid army sent to subdue him. He captured the local capital, Hajar, in 903, and extended his rule south and east into Oman. He was assassinated in 913, and succeeded by his eldest son Sa'id.
The Jarwanid dynasty was an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia in the 14th century.
Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni was a Bahrani poet from Al-Hasa, who died in 630 AH or 1232 AD, one of the late known poets among the people of the Arabian Peninsula before the modern era. Percentage due to Al Uyuni built from Abdul Qays, who ruled Ahsa in that period after extracted from Qarmatians. Al Uyuni poet, and is considered his office and explanations which are attached by one of the most important sources on the history of that state.
The Uyunid dynasty were an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia for 163 years, from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Their sect is disputed; some sources mention they were Shia, others Sunni. They were, like the majority of the people of Eastern Arabia, from the Banu Abdul Qays tribe. They seized the country from the Qarmatians with the military assistance of Great Seljuq Empire in the year 1077–1078 CE. It then fell to the Usfurids of Banu Uqayl in 651 AH. The famous poet Ali bin al Mugrab Al Uyuni is a Uyunid.
The Uyunid Emirate was a historical Arab emirate centered in al-Hasa that ruled over most of eastern Arabia and Najd. The Uyunid dynasty, which belonged to the Banu Abd al-Qays tribe, ruled the emirate from 1076 until it was overthrown by the Usfurids in 1238. The emirate was established after the Uyunids took control from the Qarmatians.
Abdullah bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Marri Al-Abdi Al Uyuni was the founder and Emir of the Uyunid Emirate ruling from 1074 to 1107. He succeeded in removing the Qarmatians from Eastern Arabia.
Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Ahmed bin Salman bin Khalid bin Ali bin Khalifa Al Khalifa is a Bahraini politician, currently Minister of Oil and Gas. He was born in Manama, the nation's capital.
Sheikh Ahmed bin Saleh bin Taan bin Nasser bin Ali al-Sattari al-Bahrani al-Qatifi was a Bahraini cleric, jurist, and Shia Muslim authority, who was among the most influential Twelver Shiites of the early modern Gulf. Many Shiites in Bahrain and Qatif followed his fatwas, but he is also known for his compilations on fiqh, hadith, history, and poetry.
Foreign relations were established between Bahrain and Portugal on 10 June 1976. Portugal maintains an honorary consulate in Mahazza, Bahrain. On 26 May 2015 a convention was signed in Manama between Portugal and Bahrain for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to taxes on income.
The Portuguese capture of Bahrain from the Jabrids Emirate was a campaign that took place in 1521 by Portuguese forces under the command of António Correia.
References
- ↑ فضاءات - صحيفة الوسط البحرينية - مملكة البحرين. alwasatnews.com (in Arabic). 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
- ↑ Farhad Daftary, The Ismāı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines, Cambridge University Press 1990, p221
- ↑ Yitzhak Nakash, Reaching for Power:The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, (Princeton University Press, 2006), 22.
- ↑ C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 94-95
- ↑ Bosworth, C. E. (2014-03-11). New Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7486-9648-2.
- ↑ Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-226-46905-8.
- ↑ Wendy Doniger, ed. (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
- ↑ Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden. p. 226.
- ↑ Al-Khalifa, Shaikh Abdullah bin Khalid; Rice, Michael (2014-10-17). Bahrain Through The Ages: The History. Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-136-14650-3.
- ↑ Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-226-46905-8.
- ↑ Larsen, Curtis E. (1982). Holocene Land Use Variations on the Bahrain Islands. University of Chicago. p. 81.
- ↑ Larsen, Curtis E. (1982). Holocene Land Use Variations on the Bahrain Islands. University of Chicago. p. 81.
- ↑ Larsen, Curtis E. (1983). Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society. University of Chicago Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-226-46905-8.
- ↑ Bahrain إقليم بلاد البحرين في ظل حكم الدويلات العربية تأليف محمد محمود خليل (in Arabic).
- ↑ Maktbah. الدولة العيونية في البحرين 1076 1238 عبدالرحمن بن مديرس المديرس.
- ↑ Maktbah. الدولة العيونية في البحرين 1076 1238 عبدالرحمن بن مديرس المديرس.
- ↑ Bahrain إقليم بلاد البحرين في ظل حكم الدويلات العربية تأليف محمد محمود خليل (in Arabic).
- ↑ Glassé, Cyril. 2008. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek CA: AltaMira Press p. 369
- ↑ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Volume 1. Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9788120706170.
- ↑ Nakash, Yitzhak (2011-10-30). Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World. Princeton University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-4008-4146-2.
- ↑ Karolak, Magdalena (2014). The Social Media Wars: Sunni and Shia Identity Conflicts in the Age of the Web 2.0 and the Arab Spring. Academica Press. ISBN 978-1-936320-71-4.