Related Research Articles
India,officially the Republic of India,is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area;the most populous country as of June 2023;and from the time of its independence in 1947,the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south,the Arabian Sea on the southwest,and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast,it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China,Nepal,and Bhutan to the north;and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean,India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives;its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand,Myanmar,and Indonesia.
Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist,statesman,secular humanist,social democrat,and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947,he served as the country's first prime minister for 16 years. Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy,secularism,and science and technology during the 1950s,powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs,he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War. A well-regarded author,his books written in prison,such as Letters from a Father to His Daughter (1929),An Autobiography (1936) and The Discovery of India (1946),have been read around the world.
The prime minister of India is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Council of Ministers,despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister has to be a member of one of the houses of bicameral Parliament of India,alongside heading the respective house. The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Rajiv Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the assassination of his mother,then–prime minister Indira Gandhi,to become at the age of 40 the youngest Indian prime minister. He served until his defeat at the 1989 election,and then became Leader of the Opposition,Lok Sabha,resigning in December 1990,six months before his own assassination.
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh is an Indian right-wing,Hindu nationalist volunteer paramilitary organisation. It is the progenitor and leader of a large body of organisations called the Sangh Parivar,which has developed a presence in all facets of Indian society and includes the Bharatiya Janata Party,the ruling political party under Narendra Modi,the 14th prime minister of India. Mohan Bhagwat has served as the Sarsanghchalak of the RSS since March 2009.
The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive,the first citizen of the country,as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president,having taken office from 25 July 2022.
The Bharatiya Janata Party is a political party in India and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014,it has been the ruling political party in India under the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The BJP is aligned with right-wing politics and has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) volunteer paramilitary organisation. Its policies adhere to Hindutva,a Hindu nationalist ideology. As of January 2024,it is the country's biggest political party in terms of representation in the Parliament of India as well as state legislatures.
The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Founded in 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India also known as British Raj. It lasted until 1947.
The Lok Sabha,constitutionally the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Parliament House,New Delhi.
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code,structure,procedures,powers,and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights,directive principles,and the duties of citizens,based on the proposal suggested by M. N. Roy. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats,and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from CPI in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant fraction.
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. The CPI was founded in modern-day Kanpur on 26 December 1925. Currently,it has two members in Lok Sabha and two members in Rajya Sabha. In addition,it has 22 MLAs across four states and one MLC in Bihar. It has the current ECI status of a state party in Tamil Nadu,Kerala and Manipur.
The Government of India,also known as the Central Government,is the national authority of the Republic of India,a federal democracy located in South Asia,consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories.
Gram Panchayat is a basic governing institution in Indian villages. It is a political institution,acting as the cabinet of a village. The Gram Sabha works as the general body of the Gram Panchayat. The members of the gram panchayat are elected directly by the people. The president of a gram panchayat is known as a "Pradhan" or "Sarpanch". There are about 250,000 gram panchayats present in India.
The British Raj was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;it is also called Crown rule in India,or Direct rule in India,and lasted from 1858 to 1947. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom,which were collectively called British India,and areas ruled by indigenous rulers,but under British paramountcy,called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire,though not officially.
Panchayati raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It has a strength of 234 members,all of whom are democratically elected using the first-past-the-post system. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. The term of the Assembly is five years,unless dissolved earlier.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister,politician and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947,and then as the Dominion of Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death.
References
- ↑ Rana, Mahendra Singh (2006). India Votes. Sarup & Sons. p. 501. ISBN 9788176256476.