Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Consequently, CEA is usually present at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults. However, the serum levels are raised in some types of cancer, which means that it can be used as a tumor marker in clinical tests. Serum levels can also be elevated in heavy smokers.
The thyrotropin receptor is a receptor that responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone and stimulates the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins and is coupled to the Gs protein.
CD63 antigen is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD63 gene. CD63 is mainly associated with membranes of intracellular vesicles, although cell surface expression may be induced.
High-mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGA1 gene.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) also known as CD66a, is a human glycoprotein, and a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) also known as CD66c, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family..
Paired box gene 4, also known as PAX4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX4 gene.
Pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (PSBG-1) also known as CD66f, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG1 gene and is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a complex consisting of carbohydrate and protein, which is present in the mammalian body specifically during pregnancy. This glycoprotein is the most abundant protein found in the maternal bloodstream during the later stages of pregnancy and it is of vital importance in fetal development. The PSG functions primarily as an immunomodulator to protect the growing fetus.
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG9 gene.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (CEACAM3) also known as CD66d, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family..
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG3 gene.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8) also known as CD66b, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. Its main function is cell adhesion, cell migration, and pathogen binding.
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG5 gene.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEACAM7 gene.
PNGase also known as N-glycanase 1 or peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NGLY1 gene. PNGase is a de-N-glycosylating enzyme that removes N-linked or asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans) from glycoproteins. More specifically, NGLY1 catalyzes the hydrolysis of the amide bond between the innermost N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and an Asn residue on an N-glycoprotein, generating a de-N-glycosylated protein, in which the N-glycoylated Asn residue is converted to asp, and a 1-amino-GlcNAc-containing free oligosaccharide. Ammonia is then spontaneously released from the 1-amino GlcNAc at physiological pH (<8), giving rise to a free oligosaccharide with an N,N’-diacetylchitobiose structure at the reducing end.
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG4 gene.
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG6 gene.
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG10 gene.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) also known as CD66e, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family.
Elwira Lisowska is a Polish biochemist and professor. She made significant contributions to the biochemistry of human blood groups, especially MNS and P1PK blood group systems, and to the immunochemical characterization of glycopeptide antigens.
