| Pachamama | |
|---|---|
 Film poster | |
| Directed by | Juan Antin |
| Written by | Christophe Poujol Juan Antin |
| Produced by | Didier Brunner |
| Starring | Adam Moussamih Charli Birdgenaw Vlasta Vrana |
| Music by | Pierre Hamon |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Netflix |
Release dates |
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Running time | 72 minutes |
| Countries | France Luxembourg Canada |
| Languages | English French Luxembourgish |
Pachamama is a 2018 French-Luxembourgian-Canadian animation film directed by Juan Antin and written by Christophe Poujol and Juan Antin. [1]
Tepulpai, a young 10-year-old boy, is rejected approval to becoming a "Great One", although he dreams of becoming a Shaman. The village is soon visited by an Incan tax collector, who takes away the village's most precious treasure, the Huaca, and takes away most of their crops, leaving the villagers with nothing left to eat. Walumama, an elderly woman, faints at the absence of the statue, while Tepulpai is very angry and says they must get the Huaca back. When he is asked to leave, he is determined to find the Huaca and starts on his journey.
As Tepulpai crosses the rope bridge on his way to Cusco, he finds Naira, who wishes to follow him and retrieve the Huaca. Tepulpai is unhappy with Naira and immediately refuses, but Naira crosses the rope bridge herself, and Tepulpai reluctantly agrees that she can travel with him. The two eventually find the city of Cusco, and Naira tells Tepulpai, he should start thinking twice before making decisions. As they argue, they find the chasqui of the Inca, who appeared very ill and tired. Before he dies, he tells the children about a floating house on the waters holding beings from a different world, describing them as "monsters" with metal skins that spit fire, and they must send his message. Tepulpai takes the chasqui's pututu and starts traveling to Cusco.
The two follow two men to the Great Inca. Naira agrees to tell about the message, but only if the Huaca is returned. The Great Inca, however, does not believe the story, thinking it was a lie from the Great Observer. Enraged, Tepulpai declares that the Great Inca be "thrown out of his stupid tray", but soon after, the "gods" arrive and attack, knocking the Great Inca to the ground. The "gods" are revealed to be thieves, and the children barely escape with the Huaca. They manage to hide in an abandoned house, and Tepulpai fools the thieves with Kirkincho, an armadillo, while Naira runs back to the village with the Huaca. The thieves, however, find out that Tepulpai was not holding the real Huaca, and he and Kirkincho are sucked into a whirlpool.
Tepulpai finds himself in an underground system and finds the blind Great Observer and his puma, who sees for him. The Great Observer gives him food and dries him off. He tells Tepulpai there is no way out of the labyrinth and helps him realize that the Great Condor's feather he owned was taken without permission. Under a blanket, he silently apologizes to the Great Condor for taking its feather. It forgives him, and the feather blows in the wind, leading him out of the labyrinth.
The Great Condor flies past the children and gives them a ride back to the village, while Kirkincho and Naira's llama, Llamita, run back on their own. Naira soon discovers that the Great Condor was shot by one of the thieves' guns, and they receive a rough landing. Tepulpai holds the now broken Huaca, and finds the Shaman, who is revealed to be the Great Condor. The men in metal soon arrive, and attempt to steal the Huaca. The Huaca breaks, and the crops are destroyed by an explosion. Tepulpai finds that Walumama has joined the ancestors and discovers seeds hidden in the Huaca. He offers them to Pachamama, and while it rains, everyone dances to the music. [2]
The Inca Empire, called Tawantinsuyu by its subjects, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political, and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The Inca civilization rose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century. The Spanish began the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 and by 1572, the last Inca state was fully conquered.
Viracocha is the great creator deity in the pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region of South America. According to the myth Viracocha had human appearance and was generally considered as bearded. According to the myth he ordered the construction of Tiwanaku. It is also said that he was accompanied by men also referred to as Viracochas.
In the Quechuan languages of South America, a huaca or wak'a is an object that represents something revered, typically a monument of some kind. The term huaca can refer to natural locations, such as immense rocks. Some huacas have been associated with veneration and ritual. The Quechua people traditionally believed every object has a physical presence and two camaquen (spirits), one to create it and another to animate it. They would invoke its spirits for the object to function.
Inca rope bridges are simple suspension bridges over canyons, gorges and rivers (pongos) constructed by the Inca Empire. The bridges were an integral part of the Inca road system and exemplify Inca innovation in engineering. Bridges of this type were useful since the Inca people did not use wheeled transport – traffic was limited to pedestrians and livestock – and they were frequently used by chasqui runners delivering messages throughout the Inca Empire.
Atahualpa, also Atawallpa (Quechua), Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, was the last effective Incan emperor before his capture and execution during the Spanish conquest.
Apurímac is a department and region in southern-central Peru. It is bordered on the east by the Cusco Region, on the west by the Ayacucho Region, and on the south by the Arequipa and Ayacucho regions. The region's name originates from the Quechua language and means "where the gods speak" in reference to the many mountains of the region that seem to be talking to each other.
The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, also known as the Conquest of Peru, was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 Spanish soldiers under conquistador Francisco Pizarro, along with his brothers in arms and their indigenous allies, captured the Sapa Inca Atahualpa in the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting but ended in Spanish victory in 1572 and colonization of the region as the Viceroyalty of Peru. The conquest of the Inca Empire, led to spin-off campaigns into present-day Chile and Colombia, as well as expeditions to the Amazon Basin and surrounding rainforest.
Manco Inca Yupanqui was the founder and monarch of the independent Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba, although he was originally a puppet Inca Emperor installed by the Spaniards. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II". He was one of the sons of Huayna Capac and a younger brother of Huascar.
The Inca religion was a group of beliefs and rites that were related to a mythological system evolving from pre-Inca times to Inca Empire. Faith in the Tawantinsuyu was manifested in every aspect of his life, work, festivities, ceremonies, etc. They were polytheists and there were local, regional and pan-regional divinities.
The Sapa Inca was the monarch of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu), as well as ruler of the earlier Kingdom of Cusco and the later Neo-Inca State. While the origins of the position are mythical and originate from the legendary foundation of the city of Cusco, it seems to have come into being historically around 1100 AD. Although the Inca believed the Sapa to be the son of Inti and often referred to him as Intip Churin or 'Son of the Sun,' the position eventually became hereditary, with son succeeding father. The principal wife of the Inca was known as the Coya or Qoya. The Sapa Inca was at the top of the social hierarchy, and played a dominant role in the political and spiritual realm.
A chasqui was a messenger of the Inca empire. Agile, highly trained and physically fit, they were in charge of carrying messages –in the form of quipus or oral information– and small packets. Along the Inca road system there were relay stations called chaskiwasi, placed at about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from each other, where the chasqui switched, exchanging their message(s) with the fresh messenger. The chasqui system could be able to deliver a message or a gift along a distance of up to 300 kilometres (190 mi) per day.
The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire which was centered in modern day South America in Peru and Chile. It was about 2,500 miles from the northern to southern tip. The Inca Empire lasted from 1438 to 1533. It was the largest Empire in America throughout the Pre-Columbian era. At the peak of the Inca Empire, it was the largest nation in the world and to this day is the largest native state in the western hemisphere. The Inca civilization was located from north to south of the western hemisphere of South America. The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cuzco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate the territory of modern-day Peru, followed by a large portion of western South America, into their empire, centered on the Andean mountain range. However, shortly after the Inca Civil War, the last Sapa Inca (emperor) of the Inca Empire was captured and killed on the orders of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro, marking the beginning of Spanish rule. The remnants of the empire retreated to the remote jungles of Vilcabamba and established the small Neo-Inca State, which was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.
Q'ero is a Quechua-speaking community or ethnic group dwelling in the province of Paucartambo, in the Cusco Region of Peru.
The Kingdom of Cusco, also called the Cusco confederation, was a small kingdom based in the Andean city of Cusco that began as a small city-state founded by the Incas around the start of 13th century. In time, through warfare or peaceful assimilation, it began to grow and was succeeded by the Inca Empire (1438–1533).
Huaca de Chena, also known as the Chena Pukara, is an Inca site on Chena Mountain, in the basin of San Bernardo, at the edge of the Calera de Tango and Maipo Province communes in Chile. Tala Canta Ilabe was the last Inca who celebrated Inti Raymi in its Ushnu.
Taki Unquy was a millenarian Indigenous movement of political, religious and cultural dimensions which arose in the Peruvian Andes during the 16th century in opposition to the recent Spanish arrival.
Inca mythology is the universe of legends and collective memory of the Inca civilization, which took place in the current territories of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, incorporating in the first instance, systematically, the territories of the central highlands of Peru to the north.
The Huarochirí manuscript is a text in Classical Quechua from the late 16th century, describing myths, religious notions and traditions of the Indians of Huarochirí Province. The main roles in the myth are played by mountain deities (Huacas), including the rivals Paryaqaqa and Wallallu Qarwinchu, who also act as protectors of regional ethnicities. This text is an important monument of early colonial Quechua literature, because it is unique in its detailed description of the traditional beliefs of the indigenous Andean population of the former Inca Empire. It has been described as 'the closest thing to an Andean bible'.
During the Inca Empire’s comparatively brief reign, from 1438 to 1533, Inca civilization established an economic structure that allowed for substantial agricultural production as well as cross-community exchange of products. Inca society is considered to have had some of the most successful centrally organized economies in history. Its effectiveness was achieved through the successful control of labor and the regulation of tribute resources. In Inca society, collective labor was the cornerstone for economic productivity and the achieving of common prosperity. People in the ayllu worked together to produce that prosperity. This prosperity caused the Spanish to be amazed by what they saw when they first encountered the Incas in 1528. According to each ayllu, labor was divided by region, with agriculture centralized in the most productive areas; ceramic production, road construction, textile production, and other skills were also part of the ayllus. After local needs were satisfied, the government gathered all surplus that is gathered from ayllus and allocated it where it was needed. People of the Inca Empire received free clothes, food, health care, and schooling in exchange for their labor.
The situa or citua was the health and ritual purification festival in the Inca Empire. It was held in Cusco, the capital of the empire, during the month of September on the day of the first moon after the spring equinox, which in the southern hemisphere takes place normally on September 23. It was a very important festival whose rites are well described by the early Spanish chroniclers, in particular Cristóbal de Molina, Polo de Ondegardo and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. The latter witnessed situas as a child after the Spaniards had reduced them to memorials of the actual Inca festival. The situa is also mentioned by Bernabé Cobo, who copied, most probably, its text from Molina, Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa and Juan de Betanzos.
