| The Palazzolo | |
|---|---|
| Hill of Rome | |
| Latin name | Palatiolum |
| Italian name | Palazzolo |
| Rione | Borgo |
| Buildings | Pontificio Collegio Urbano di Propaganda Fide |
| Churches | Santi Michele e Magno |
| Events | Conquest of Rome by Henry IV of Germany |
Palazzolo (or Palazzola, [1] in Latin Palatiolum) is the extreme northern offshoot of the Janiculum hill which stretches towards Vatican hill, in the Borgo rione, in Rome. [2]
The toponym comes from some Roman ruins located on the hill, called "Palatiolum Neronis", because they are believed to be the remains of a small palace owned by Nero. [3] In the Middle Ages it was also called "mons Neronis", [2] Palaceolum [4] or Palazzola. [1] It is mentioned twice in the etching Grande Veduta del Tempio e del Palazzo Vaticano engraved by Giovanni Maggi and Giacomo Mascardi in 1615, and published by Father Ehrle. [4]
The Palatiolum, on whose slopes in the Middle Ages extended the two settlements - the latter fortified - of the Schola Frisiorum (for the frisian pilgrims) and of the Burgus Saxonum (for the Saxon pilgrims), [3] is mentioned for the first time in 1053, when it is cited a "fundum quod vocatur palatiolum" (Latin : a farm which is named little palace). [2] [3] The classical Roman structures were fortified on this occasion by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV of Germany, who left a garrison of four hundred knights commanded by Ulrich of Godesheim. [5] [6] During the Middle Ages on the hill stood the church of Santa Maria in palazzolo. [7]
The church, which was located "in Civitate Leonina in Monte S. Michaelis", with reference to the Church of the Santi Michele e Magno, national church of the Frisians located on the northern slopes of the hill and still existing, was demolished in the fifteenth century to make way for the vigna Cesi, later vigna Barberini. [7] [3]
Until the end of the nineteenth century the hill was also called by the populace "la palazzina", because there lay a small villa (Italian : palazzina), outbuilding of the Santa Maria della Pietà psychiatric hospital. [7] Because of this, the hill's name was for the Romans synonymous with "madhouse". [7]
A rione of Rome is a traditional administrative division of the city of Rome. "Rione" is an Italian term used since the 14th century to name a district of a town. The term was born in Rome, originating from the administrative divisions of the city. The word comes from the Latin word regio ; during the Middle Ages the Latin word became rejones, from which rione comes. Currently, all the rioni are located in Municipio I of Rome.
Sant'Angelo is the 11th rione of Rome, Italy, located in Municipio I. Often written as rione XI - Sant'Angelo, it has a coat of arms with an angel on a red background, holding a palm branch in its left hand. In another version, the angel holds a sword in its right hand and a scale in its left.
Borgo is the 14th rione of Rome, Italy. It is identified by the initials R. XIV and is included within Municipio I.
Ferdinando Castagnoli was a Roman topographer who taught at the University of Rome.
The Arab raid against Rome took place in 846. Muslim raiders plundered the outskirts of the city of Rome, sacking the basilicas of Old St Peter's and St Paul's-Outside-the-Walls, but were prevented from entering the city itself by the Aurelian Walls.
Akrai was a Greek colony founded in Sicily by the Syracusans in 663 BC. It was located near the modern Palazzolo Acreide.
The Church of Saints Michael and Magnus is a Roman Catholic church in Rome, Italy, dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel and the Bishop Saint Magnus of Anagni. It lies on the northern slope of the Palazzolo hill, in Rione Borgo, near the Vatican, and is the national church dedicated to the Netherlands. It is also known as the "Church of the Frisians". In 1989, the church was granted to the Dutch community in Rome. A 19th century source calls the church Santi Michele e Magno in Sassia, due to a location on a Vico dei Sassoni.
San Gregorio della Divina Pietà is a small Roman Catholic church facing the Piazza Gerusalemme located in Rione Sant'Angelo, in Rome, Italy. It is located near the Great Synagogue of Rome and the former Jewish quarter of Rome. It is sometimes referred to as San Gregorietto due to its small size. In the past, it was also called San Gregorio a Ponte Quattro Capi or Pons Judaeorum due to its proximity to the bridge known now as Pons Fabricius, connecting the sector to the Tiber island.
Via dei Coronari is a street in the historic center of Rome. The road, flanked by buildings mostly erected in the 15th and the 16th century, belongs entirely to the rione Ponte and is one of the most picturesque roads of the old city, having maintained the character of an Italian Renaissance street.
Santi Simone e Giuda is a deconsecrated Catholic church in the center of Rome, Italy. It is important for historical reasons.
San Giacomo Scossacavalli was a church in Rome important for historical and artistic reasons. The church, facing the Piazza Scossacavalli, was built during the early Middle Ages and since the early 16th century hosted a confraternity which commissioned Renaissance architect Antonio da Sangallo the Younger to build a new shrine. This was richly decorated with frescoes, painted by mannerist artist Giovanni Battista Ricci and his students. The church was demolished in 1937, when Via della Conciliazione was built and the piazza and central part of the Borgo rione were demolished. Many decorative elements still exist, since they were preserved from demolition.
Palazzo Alicorni is a reconstructed Renaissance building in Rome, important for historical and architectural reasons. The palace, originally lying only a few meters away from Bernini's Colonnades in St. Peter's square, was demolished in 1930 in the wake of the process of the border definition of the newly established Vatican City state, and rebuilt some hundred meters to the east. According to the stylistic analysis, his designer had been identified as Giovanni Mangone, a Lombard architect active in Rome during the 16th century.
The Capizucchi family was a noble Roman family. Considered one among the oldest families in Rome, it was deeply rooted in the Roman nobility because of the gallantry of many members. The family died out in the 17th century, and its name came to an end in 1813. The Capizucchis had their homes in Campitelli rione, at the foot of Capitoline Hill, and there also lay their palace. This still exists and is located between two squares, Piazza Campitelli and the one that took its name from the family, Piazza Capizucchi.
The Meta Romuli was a pyramid built in ancient Rome that is important for historical, religious and architectural reasons. By the 16th century, it was almost completely demolished.
The Terebinth of Nero was a mausoleum built in ancient Rome that is important for historical, religious and architectural reasons. By the 14th century, it was almost completely demolished.
In Ancient Rome, the Ager Vaticanus was the alluvial plain on the right (west) bank of the Tiber. It was also called Ripa Veientana or Ripa Etrusca, indicating the Etruscan dominion during the archaic period. It was located between the Janiculum, the Vatican Hill, and Monte Mario, down to the Aventine Hill and up to the confluence of the Cremera creek.
Borgo Nuovo, originally known as via Alessandrina, also named via Recta or via Pontificum, was a road in the city of Rome, Italy, important for historical and architectural reasons. Built by Pope Alexander VI Borgia for the holy year of 1500, the road became one of the main centers of the high Renaissance in Rome. Borgo Nuovo was demolished together with the surrounding quarter in 1936-37 due to the construction of Via della Conciliazione.
Borgo Vecchio, also named in the Middle Ages Via Sancta, Carriera Sancta or Carriera Martyrum was a road in the city of Rome, Italy, important for historical and architectural reasons. The road was destroyed together with the surrounding quartier in 1936-37 due to the construction of Via della Conciliazione.
Piazza Scossacavalli, also named Piazza di San Clemente, Piazza di Trento, Piazza d'Aragona, Piazza Salviati, was a square in Rome, Italy, important for historical and architectonic reasons. The square was demolished together with the surrounding quarter in 1937 due to the construction of Via della Conciliazione.
Santa Maria della Purità was a church in Rome, important for historical and artistic reasons. Consecrated between 1530 and 1538, the building was demolished together with the surrounding district in 1937-40 during the works for the opening of via della Conciliazione.
Coordinates: 41°54′2.5″N12°27′33.3″E / 41.900694°N 12.459250°E