Palestine Brigade RAF

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Palestine Brigade
Active5 October 1917
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
BranchEnsign of the Royal Air Force.svg  Royal Air Force

The Palestine Brigade of the Royal Flying Corps, and later Royal Air Force, was formed 5 October 1917 in response to General Allenby's request for an air formation for his planned offensive against the Ottoman Empire in Palestine.

Contents

Background

Prior to Allenby's appointment as commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, the German and Ottoman air services had enjoyed air superiority in the Levant. This was because of the superior quantity and quality of German Rumpler and Fokker aircraft in comparison to the British aircraft. Allenby was an air power enthusiast and he requested that the British War Office increase the number and quality of Flying Corps aircraft at his disposal. [1]

Formation and composition

With an increased number of British aircraft in the Middle East, the Palestine Brigade was formed on 5 October 1917. It consisted of all Royal Flying Corps operational units based in the Middle East which were east of Suez. Forming part of Royal Flying Corps Middle East and it was initially commanded by Brigadier-General W G H Salmond who retained command of RFC Middle East. In December 1917, command of the Palestine Brigade ceased to be held by the commander of RFC Middle East. Brigadier-General A E Borton was appointed Brigade Commander and Salmond, who had been promoted to Major-General, was GOC RFC Middle East. [2] Although Borton answered directly to Allenby for operational matters, Salmond maintained a keen interest in the activities of the Palestine Brigade.

The Palestine Brigade consisted of the following two wings:

In addition, by the summer of 1918 the brigade also had a balloon company, an aircraft park, an aircraft depot and an engine repair depot. In August, the brigade was strengthened by the addition of a single Handley Page 0/400 biplane bomber which had been flown from England. [4]

Actions

The Palestine Brigade saw action throughout the Palestine Campaign, most notably at the Battle of Megiddo when the retreating Ottoman Seventh Army was destroyed on Nablus-Beisan road by aerial attack.

Commanders

The following officers commanded the Palestine Brigade: [2]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stalemate in Southern Palestine</span> WWI British-Turkish military standoff (1917)

The Stalemate in Southern Palestine was a six month standoff between the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) and the Ottoman Army in World War I. The two hostile forces faced each other along the Gaza to Beersheba line during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, with neither side able to force its opponent to withdraw. The stalemate began in April 1917 with the defeat of the EEF by the Ottoman Army at the Second Battle of Gaza and lasted until the EEF offensive began with the Battle of Beersheba on 31 October 1917.

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The Structure of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force over the course of the First World War is shown below.

References

  1. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. 1 2 "Groups Middle East_P". Archived from the original on 21 July 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  3. "Wings 1 - 50_P". Archived from the original on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
  4. Baker, Anne (2003). From Biplane to Spitfire: the life of Air Chief Marshal Sir Geoffrey Salmond KCB KCMG DSO. Pen & Sword Ltd. p. 132. ISBN   0-85052-980-8.
  5. "The Enemy Driven from the Sky".
  6. "C S Burnett_P". www.rafweb.org. Retrieved 17 February 2018.