Related Research Articles
The swastika is an ancient religious and cultural symbol, predominantly found in various Eurasian cultures, as well as some African and American ones. In the western world it is more widely recognized as a symbol of the German Nazi Party who appropriated it from Asian cultures starting in the early 20th century. The appropriation continues with its use by neo-Nazis around the world. The swastika never stopped being used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It generally takes the form of a cross, the arms of which are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle.
The Völkisch movement was a German ethnic nationalist movement active from the late 19th century through the dissolution of the German Reich in 1945, with remnants in the Federal Republic of Germany afterwards. Erected on the idea of "blood and soil", inspired by the one-body-metaphor, and by the idea of naturally grown communities in unity, it was characterized by organicism, racialism, populism, agrarianism, romantic nationalism and – as a consequence of a growing exclusive and ethnic connotation – by antisemitism from the 1900s onward. Völkisch nationalists generally considered the Jews to be an "alien people" who belonged to a different Volk from the Germans.
Hans Fischerkoesen, also known as Hans Fischerkösen or Hans Fischer was a German commercial animator. Fischerkoesen is considered an animation pioneer, due to the inventions and innovations he applied to animation technology, especially the use of three-dimensional elements in his animations. Later he becomes Germany's most influential cartoonist, often nicknamed “Germany’s Walt Disney” alongside Rolf Kauka. He won both first and second prizes at a Dutch-sponsored international competition in 1937, for advertising films. By 1956 he had won major prizes at commercial film festivals in Rome, Milan, Venice, Monte Carlo and Cannes. Most notable was the participation in the 1st Berlin International Film Festival, where Fischerkoesen's film Blick ins Paradies won the Bronze Medal award.
Claudia Ann Koonz is an American historian of Nazi Germany. Koonz's critique of the role of women during the Nazi era, from a feminist perspective, has become a subject of much debate and research in itself. She is a recipient of the PEN New England Award, and a National Book Award finalist. Koonz has appeared on the podcasts Holocaust, hosted by University of California Television, and Real Dictators, hosted by Paul McGann. In the months before the 2020 United States presidential election, Koonz wrote about the risks of autocracy in the United States for History News Network and the New School's Public Seminar.
The Roter Frontkämpferbund, usually called the Rotfrontkämpferbund (RFB), was a far-left paramilitary organization affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the Weimar Republic. A legally registered association, the RFB was banned in 1929 but continued its work illegally.
The Iron Front was a German paramilitary organization in the Weimar Republic which consisted of social democrats, trade unionists, and democratic socialists. Its main goal was to defend social democracy against anti-democratic, totalitarian ideologies on the far-right and far-left. The Iron Front chiefly opposed the Sturmabteilung (SA) wing of the Nazi Party and the Antifaschistische Aktion wing of the Communist Party of Germany. Formally independent, it was intimately associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The Three Arrows, originally designed for the Iron Front, became a well-known social democratic symbol representing resistance against monarchism, Nazism, and communism during the parliamentary elections in November 1932. The Three Arrows were later adopted by the SPD itself.
The Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold was an organization in Germany during the Weimar Republic with the goal to defend German parliamentary democracy against internal subversion and extremism from the left and right and to compel the population to respect and honor the new Republic's flag and constitution. It was formed by members of the left-wing Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the centre-right to right-wing German Centre Party, and the centrist German Democratic Party in February 1924.
A referendum on merging the posts of Chancellor and President was held in Nazi Germany on 19 August 1934, seventeen days after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg. The German leadership sought to gain approval for Adolf Hitler's assumption of supreme power. The referendum was associated with widespread intimidation of voters and significant electoral fraud.
The Deutsche Hochschule für Politik (DHfP), or German Academy for Politics, was a private academy in Berlin, founded in October 1920. It was integrated into the Faculty for Foreign Studies of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in 1940, was re-founded in 1948 and turned into the Otto-Suhr-Institut of the Freie Universität Berlin in 1959.
The Bielefeld School is a group of German historians based originally at Bielefeld University who promote social history and political history using quantification and the methods of political science and sociology. The leaders include Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Jürgen Kocka and Reinhart Koselleck. Instead of emphasizing the personalities of great historical leaders, as in the conventional approach, it concentrates on socio-cultural developments. History as "historical social science" has mainly been explored in the context of studies of German society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The movement has published the scholarly journal Geschichte und Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift fur Historische Sozialwissenschaft since 1975.
The Muchow Plan was an organisational structure for Nazi Party membership developed by Reinhold Muchow when he was leader of the Greater Berlin Gau 1 in 1925.
Heinz Neumann was a German politician from the Communist Party (KPD) and a journalist. He was a member of the Communist International, editor in chief of the party newspaper Die Rote Fahne and a member of the Reichstag. He was one of the many victims to Stalin's Great Purge.
Ernst Jäckh was a German journalist, diplomat, author, and academic who later lived in Great Britain and the United States. He is most known for having advocated for first Germany, and then the United States, having better relations with Turkey. He was the founder and leader of the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik in Berlin from 1920 to 1933.
The history of advertising can be traced to ancient civilizations. It became a major force in capitalist economies in the mid-19th century, based primarily on newspapers and magazines. In the 20th century, advertising grew rapidly with new technologies such as direct mail, radio, television, the internet and mobile devices.
The Pacific Coast Biscuit Company was a conglomerate of baking companies headquartered in Portland, Oregon, United States that manufactured cookies, crackers, candy, and macaroni. The company, also known as Pacific Coast, was formed in 1899, and it was purchased by the National Biscuit Company in 1930. It was the only baking company in the United States to trademark a swastika.
Hitler's Prisons: Legal Terror in Nazi Germany is a 2004 book by Nikolaus Wachsmann, a modern European history professor. Wachsmann argues that the Nazi judiciary played a key role in Nazi terror. The prison systems inflicted harsh punishments against Jews, homosexuals and Jehovah's Witnesses while enforcing Nazi racial policies. Wachsmann describes how law enforcement promoted the Nazi and terror acts in Germany before and during World War II and each chapter describes a specific topic relating to political prisoner terror. The book illuminates the bureaucratic and institutional history of prisons and the history of inmates themselves.
A transvestite pass was a doctor's note recognized by the governments of Imperial Germany and the Weimar Republic, under the support of sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld, identifying a person as a transvestite. Transvestite at this time referred to all individuals whose gender identity or preferred clothing was discordant to that associated with their assigned sex, and so included both cross-dressing and transgender people. As gender-confirming surgery was only an emerging practice in the early 20th century, obtaining a Transvestitenschein, along with an official name change, represented the maximum extent to which many trans individuals could transition.
Secret Reports on Nazi Germany: The Frankfurt School Contribution to the War Effort is a book composed of the original Office of Strategic Services reports on Nazi Germany prepared primarily by Franz Neumann, Herbert Marcuse, and Otto Kirchheimer, who had all been part of the original Frankfurt School of critical theory.
Paul B. Jaskot is a historian and professor at Duke University. His research interests include architectural history, urban planning, and Nazi Germany.
Karl Friedrich Zörgiebel was a German politician and police official.
References
- ↑ "Swett, Pamela E. 1970– | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
- ↑ Swett, Pamela Eden (1999). "Neighborhood mobilization and the violence of collapse : Berlin political culture, 1929-1933" . Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ↑ "Pamela E Swett - McMaster Experts". experts.mcmaster.ca. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
- ↑ "Pamela Swett is the next dean of humanities" . Retrieved 2024-04-17.
- ↑ "Announcements - March 2024". University Affairs. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ↑ "McMaster University - Search begins for Wilson College director and endowed chair". Education News Canada. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ↑ "At McMaster University, Building a Better 2080 Starts Now | The Walrus". 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
- ↑ "In photos: A celebration of a transformational $50M investment in Canada's future leaders" . Retrieved 2024-06-03.
- ↑ Reviews of Neighbors and enemies
- Fischer, Conan (2005). "Review of Neighbors and Enemies. The Culture of Radicalism in Berlin, 1919-1933". Central European History. 38 (4): 677–679. ISSN 0008-9389.
- Sweeney, Dennis (2005). "Review of Neighbors and Enemies: The Culture of Radicalism in Berlin, 1929-1933". German Politics & Society. 23 (4 (77)): 119–127. ISSN 1045-0300.
- Achilles, Manuela (2006). "Review of Neighbors and Enemies: The Culture of Radicalism in Berlin, 1929–1933". Social History. 31 (4): 497–499. ISSN 0307-1022.
- ↑ Reviews of Selling Modernity
- Silberstein-Loeb, Jonathan (2008). "Review of Selling Modernity: Advertising in Twentieth-Century Germany". Enterprise & Society. 9 (4): 866–868. ISSN 1467-2227.
- Mennel, Barbara (2008). "Review of Selling Modernity: Advertising in Twentieth-Century Germany". German Politics & Society. 26 (2 (87)): 104–109. ISSN 1045-0300.
- Reuveni, Gideon (2008). "Review of Selling Modernity: Advertising in Twentieth-Century Germany". Central European History. 41 (3): 533–535. ISSN 0008-9389.
- ↑ Reviews of Selling under the swastika
- Reagin, Nancy (2015). "Review of Selling under the Swastika: Advertising and Commercial Culture in Nazi Germany". Central European History. 48 (1): 130–132. ISSN 0008-9389.
- Hau, Michael (2015). "Review of Selling under the Swastika: Advertising and Commercial Culture in Nazi Germany". The Journal of Modern History. 87 (4): 1011–1012. doi:10.1086/683591. ISSN 0022-2801.
- Harsch, Donna; Swett, Pamela E. (2015). "Review of Selling under the Swastika: Advertising and Commercial Culture in Nazi Germany, SwettPamela E." The American Historical Review. 120 (3): 1134–1135. ISSN 0002-8762.
- Berg, Anne (2016). "Review of Selling Under the Swastika: Advertising and Commercial Culture in Nazi Germany". German Studies Review. 39 (2): 409–411. ISSN 0149-7952.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
