| Panophthalmitis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Neurology  |
Panophthalmitis is the inflammation of all coats of the animal eye including intraocular structures. [1] It can be caused by infection, particularly from Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Clostridium species, [2] Whipple's disease, [3] and also fungi. [4] [5] [6] It can also be cause by other stress. [7]
Radial keratotomy (RK) is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia (nearsightedness) that was developed in 1974, by Svyatoslav Fyodorov, a Russian ophthalmologist. It has been largely supplanted by newer operations, such as photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, Epi-LASIK and the phakic intraocular lens.
Amaurosis fugax is a painless temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes.
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered microbiota, or breached integumentary barriers. Many of these pathogens do not cause disease in a healthy host that has a normal immune system. However, a compromised immune system, which is seriously debilitated and has lowered resistance to infection, a penetrating injury, or a lack of competition from normal commensals presents an opportunity for the pathogen to infect.
Central serous retinopathy (CSR), also known as central serous chorioretinopathy, is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula. This results in blurred or distorted vision (metamorphopsia). A blurred or gray spot in the central visual field is common when the retina is detached. Reduced visual acuity may persist after the fluid has disappeared.
Cogan syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of the front of the eye and often fever, fatigue, and weight loss, episodes of vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus and hearing loss. It can lead to deafness or blindness if untreated. The classic form of the disease was first described by D. G. Cogan in 1945.
Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug, or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the vitreous humor of the eye. "Intravitreal" literally means "inside an eye". Intravitreal injections were first introduced in 1911 when Ohm gave an injection of air into the vitreous humor to repair a detached retina. In the mid-1940s, intravitreal injections became a standard way to administer drugs to treat endophthalmitis and cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Graves ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). It occurs most commonly in individuals with Graves' disease, and less commonly in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or in those who are euthyroid.
Episcleritis is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disease affecting part of the eye called the episclera. The episclera is a thin layer of tissue that lies between the conjunctiva and the connective tissue layer that forms the white of the eye (sclera). Episcleritis is a common condition, and is characterized by the abrupt onset of painless eye redness.
Orbital cellulitis is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum. It is most commonly caused by an acute spread of infection into the eye socket from either the adjacent sinuses or through the blood. It may also occur after trauma. When it affects the rear of the eye, it is known as retro-orbital cellulitis.
Periorbital cellulitis, is an inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye anterior to the orbital septum. It may be caused by breaks in the skin around the eye, and subsequent spread to the eyelid; infection of the sinuses around the nose (sinusitis); or from spread of an infection elsewhere through the blood.
Bandage scissors, or bandage forceps, are scissors that often have an angled tip with a blunt tip on the bottom blade. This helps in cutting bandages without gouging the skin. Lister bandage scissors and utility bandage scissors exhibit the well known angle, while Knowles bandage scissors have blades that are either straight or curved.
11-cis retinol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH5 gene.
Pseudomonas infection refers to a disease caused by one of the species of the genus Pseudomonas.
Sohan Singh Hayreh is an ophthalmologist, clinical scientist, and professor emeritus of ophthalmology at the University of Iowa. As one of the pioneers in the field of fluorescein angiography, he is generally acknowledge to be a leading authority in vascular diseases of the eye and the optic nerve. For over 60 years, Hayreh has been actively involved in basic, experimental, and clinical research in ophthalmology, publishing over 400 original peer-reviewed articles in various international ophthalmic journals, 6 classical monographs and books in his field of research, and more than 50 chapters in ophthalmic books. He has made many seminal observations dealing with the ocular circulation in health and disease, the optic disc and the optic nerve, retinal and choroidal vascular disorders, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, fundus changes in malignant arterial hypertension, ocular neovascularization, rheumatologic disorders of the eye, and nocturnal arterial hypotension. He is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences.
Douglas Jabs is an American ophthalmologist and an expert in clinical research in the fields of ophthalmology and uveitis.
Emil William Chynn is a Chinese-American LASEK surgeon, author, researcher, and media personality. He owns the only laser vision correction center in the US specializing in Advanced Surface Ablation, which unlike LASIK is a newer, safer way to correct refractive errors that does not involve cutting a flap into the cornea. Dr. Chynn has been featured in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, on CNN and Discovery Channel, in Time Magazine online, as well as on ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox News for LASEK as well as platinum "Eye Jewelry" and corneal tattoos. Dr. Chynn has also appeared on the Howard Stern Show as one of NYC's most eligible bachelors, as well on "Millionaire Matchmaker" with abrasive reality TV matchmaker Patti Stanger.
Joan Whitten Miller is a Canadian-American ophthalmologist and scientist who has made notable contributions to the treatment and understanding of eye disorders. She is credited for developing photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin (Visudyne), the first pharmacologic therapy for retinal disease. She also co-discovered the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in eye disease and demonstrated the therapeutic potential of VEGF inhibitors, forming the scientific basis of anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and related conditions.
Santosh Gajanan Honavar is an Indian ophthalmologist and is currently the Editor of the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology; Director, Medical Services ; Director, Department of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty at Centre for Sight, Hyderabad; and Director, National Retinoblastoma Foundation. A former Head of the Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery and Ocular Oncology and Associate Director at L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, he is known for his research on retinoblastoma. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 2009.
Paul Hargrave is an American biochemist whose laboratory work established key features of the structure of rhodopsin.
Photostress recovery time (PSRT) is the time taken for visual acuity to return to normal levels after the retina has been bleached by a bright light source. Photostress recovery time measurement procedure is known as photostress test. Normal recovery time is about 15-30 seconds.
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