Paper street

Last updated

The reservoir in this plan was built. The streets existed legally but were never built. Photocopied October 1976, from B.F. Tower, Illustrations of the Croton Aqueduct, New York, Wiley and Putnam, 1843. Plan of Tee Receiving Reservoir, Plate XXIII, page 116. - Old Haer NY,31-NEYO, 87-40.tiff
The reservoir in this plan was built. The streets existed legally but were never built.

A paper street or paper road (also known as an Unformed legal road) is a street or road that appears on maps but has not been built. [1] Paper streets generally occur when city planners or subdivision developers lay out and dedicate streets that are never built. [2] [3] Commercial street maps based only on official subdivision and land records may show streets which are legally public rights of way though usually undriveable.

Contents

This road near Te Uku Wind Farm was started about 1896 and was part formed when construction stopped about 1914. It drops through a rock cutting about 300 metres long, 3 metres wide and up to 3 metres deep. Beyond Pipiwharauroa Way on the Vandy Rd side of the summit the part formed Plateau Rd drops through a rock cutting about 300 metres long, 3 metres wide and up to 3 metres deep..JPG
This road near Te Uku Wind Farm was started about 1896 and was part formed when construction stopped about 1914. It drops through a rock cutting about 300 metres long, 3 metres wide and up to 3 metres deep.

Paper roads may exist only on paper, never having been developed, but they have a legal existence and have the same legal status as a formed road. [4] They are especially common in New Zealand, where they were created primarily for future access in rural areas (though in some cases, their layout was determined without checking whether the topography was acceptable for a road). Some districts are reputed to have as many paper roads as actual, formed roads. [5] An estimated 56,000 km (35,000 mi) of paper road exists in New Zealand. [6]

These extracts from a Walking Access Commission map of the area in the photo above, illustrate the extent of paper and actual roads (purple), compared to actual roads only (map on right). Walking Access map.jpg
These extracts from a Walking Access Commission map of the area in the photo above, illustrate the extent of paper and actual roads (purple), compared to actual roads only (map on right).

Controversies sometimes arise about ownership or use of paper roads. [4] Property owners may feel that an abutting undeveloped paper road is part of their property, but other property owners may have rights to access via that road, access which could be developed in the future if the need arises. The presence of a paper road can affect property valuation since there may be required building setbacks from the road, which might limit development opportunities. Paper streets (and, by extension, paper towns) may be deliberately included in published maps as trap streets, forming a copyright trap. A play on the phrase is found in Chuck Palahniuk's novel Fight Club , as well as the film based on that book, where the protagonist lives in a house on "Paper street". Paper towns play a large role in John Green's novel Paper Towns .

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashby, Massachusetts</span> Town in Massachusetts, United States

Ashby is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 3,193 at the 2020 census, which makes it the least populous municipality in Middlesex County. Ashby is primarily a bedroom community, consisting almost entirely of single family homes and a limited number of businesses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raglan, New Zealand</span> Minor urban area in Waikato, New Zealand

Raglan is a small beachside town located 48 km west of Hamilton, New Zealand on State Highway 23. It is known for its surfing, and volcanic black sand beaches.

Fictitious or fake entries are deliberately incorrect entries in reference works such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, maps, and directories, added by the editors as copyright traps to reveal subsequent plagiarism or copyright infringement. There are more specific terms for particular kinds of fictitious entry, such as Mountweazel, trap street, paper town, phantom settlement, and nihilartikel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Masterton</span> Town in the North Island of New Zealand

Masterton is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District. It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 39.4 kilometres south of Eketāhuna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plat</span> Map showing divisions of a piece of land in America

In the United States, a plat (plan) is a cadastral map, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land. United States General Land Office surveyors drafted township plats of Public Lands Surveys to show the distance and bearing between section corners, sometimes including topographic or vegetation information. City, town or village plats show subdivisions broken into blocks with streets and alleys. Further refinement often splits blocks into individual lots, usually for the purpose of selling the described lots; this has become known as subdivision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyttelton, New Zealand</span> Settlement in Christchurch, New Zealand

Lyttelton is a port town on the north shore of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō, at the northwestern end of Banks Peninsula and close to Christchurch, on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tawa, New Zealand</span> Suburb of Wellington City, New Zealand

Tawa is the northernmost suburb within the Wellington city boundary, located roughly 15 km north of Wellington's CBD between Churton Park and Porirua in the North Island of New Zealand. It takes its name from the broadleaf tree, which was once prolific throughout the area, although its most famous tree is the Bucket Tree, a large macrocarpa with the topiary of an upside-down bucket. Tawa is also known for its large number of churches, representing a wide range of Christian denominations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otago Central Rail Trail</span>

The Otago Central Rail Trail is a 150-kilometre walking, cycling and horse riding track in the South Island of New Zealand. A pioneering project for New Zealand, the successful rail trail joined the New Zealand Cycle Trail umbrella organisation in 2012, having been one of the inspirations for it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wigram</span> Suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand

Wigram is a suburb in the southwest of Christchurch, New Zealand. The suburb lies close to the industrial estates of Sockburn and the satellite retail and residential zone of Hornby, and has undergone significant growth in recent years due to housing developments. It is seven kilometres to the west of the city centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolleston, New Zealand</span> Town in the South Island of New Zealand

Rolleston is the seat and largest town in the Selwyn District, in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It is located on the Canterbury Plains 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Christchurch, and is part of the wider Christchurch metropolitan area. The town has a population of 29,600, making it New Zealand's 23rd-largest urban area and the second-largest in Canterbury.

Pleasant Point is a small country town in southern Canterbury, New Zealand, some 19 km inland from Timaru, on State Highway 8. It is a service town for the surrounding farming district. One of its main attractions is the heritage railway, the Pleasant Point Museum and Railway, which operates steam locomotives and one of only two Model T Ford railcar replicas in the world. It attracts about 10,000 people a year. For almost one hundred years, the Fairlie branch line railway passed through the town. It closed on 2 March 1968, and the heritage line utilises 2.5 km of track along the branch's old route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pōkeno</span> Town in Waikato, New Zealand

Pōkeno is a small town in the Waikato District of the Waikato region in New Zealand, 53 km (33 mi) southeast of Auckland, 9 km (5.6 mi) from Tuakau and 5 km (3.1 mi) from Mercer. State Highway 1 originally ran through the town, but the upgrading of the highway in 1992 to expressway standards mean that the town has been bypassed.

Birchville is a suburb of Upper Hutt, New Zealand in the North Island. Its centre lies at the entrance to the Akatarawa Valley, in the north of the city, near confluence of the Akatarawa River with the Hutt River. It is about a 5 km (10-minute) drive north from the centre of Upper Hutt. The Birchville community is spread out along both banks of the Hutt River in a long fairly narrow valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodend, New Zealand</span> Town in Canterbury, New Zealand

Woodend is a town in the Waimakariri District, in the Canterbury Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It may have been named because it was on the edge of what was then called the Maori Bush, or after an early settler, Thomas Wooding. It is situated with both the Waimakariri and Ashley / Rakahuri Rivers running either side. Woodend is 6.6 kilometres north of Kaiapoi and 6.3 kilometres to the east of Rangiora. Woodend is within walking distance of the town of Pegasus.

An easement is a nonpossessory right to use and/or enter onto the real property of another without possessing it. It is "best typified in the right of way which one landowner, A, may enjoy over the land of another, B". An easement is a property right and type of incorporeal property in itself at common law in most jurisdictions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cycling in New Zealand</span>

Cycling in New Zealand is the 5th most popular form of active recreation, but a very marginal commuting mode, with the share hovering around 1–3% in most major cities. This is due to a number of factors, principally safety fears.

Living Streets Aotearoa Inc. is the New Zealand organisation for people on foot, promoting walking-friendly communities. Living Streets Aotearoa is the national walking advocacy group with the vision of "more people choosing to walk more often."

John T. Broderick Jr. is a former Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court. He served as Associate Justice of the court from 1995 to 2004 and as its Chief Justice from 2004 to 2010. Broderick holds a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law and a B.A. from the College of the Holy Cross. Broderick also served as Dean and President of the University of New Hampshire School of Law until May 2015. Since 2015, Broderick has been on a journey to end the stigma surrounding mental health in New Hampshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Right of way</span> Legal right to pass through land belonging to another

Right of way, is the legal right, established by grant from a landowner or long usage, to pass along a specific route through property belonging to another. A similar right of access also exists on land held by a government, lands that are typically called public land, state land, or Crown land. When one person owns a piece of land that is bordered on all sides by lands owned by others, an easement may exist or might be created so as to initiate a right of way through the bordering land.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Highway 29 (New Zealand)</span> Road in New Zealand

State Highway 29 (SH 29) is a New Zealand state highway that travels over the Kaimai Ranges linking the Bay of Plenty and Waikato regions. For most of its length, SH 29 is a two-lane single carriageway with occasional passing lanes and slow vehicle bays. 5 km of it near its eastern terminus is part of the Takitimu Drive Toll Road.

References

  1. Sanderson, Paul G.,"Paper Streets: The Gap Between Dedication and Acceptance", New Hampshire local government center, United States, 04-2007. Retrieved 10-13-2008.
  2. "New Hampshire Bar Association, NHBA, NH Bar Association". NHBA.
  3. "Paper Streets - NJLM". Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  4. 1 2 "Wire-cutters threat over paper road". The Dominion Post . 25 November 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  5. Taylor, Annette. "The Good Oil: Paper Roads". 'lifestyleblock.co.nz' website. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  6. New Zealand Walking Access Commission (2016). "New Zealand Walking Access Commission Annual Report 2015-2016". Annual Report. New Zealand: New Zealand Walking Access Commission: 16. ISSN   1179-5220.