Patricia Jacobs

Last updated

Patricia Jacobs
OBE FRS FRSE FMedSci FRCPath FRCPE FRCOG FRSA
Born
Patricia Ann Jacobs

(1934-10-08) 8 October 1934 (age 90)
Nationality British
Education University of St Andrews
Known for Klinefelter syndrome
XXY syndrome
Trisomy X
Philadelphia Chromosome
Spouse Newton Morton
AwardsMauro Baschirotto Award (1999) [1]
March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology (2011)
William Allan Award (1981)
Scientific career
Institutions
Thesis Cytogenetic studies (1966)
Website southampton.ac.uk/medicine/about/staff/pj2f09.page

Patricia Ann Jacobs (born 8 October 1934) is a Scottish geneticist and is Honorary Professor of Human Genetics, Co-director of Research, Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, within the University of Southampton.

Contents

Early life and education

Jacobs was born on 8 October 1934 to Sadie (née Jones) and Cyril Jacobs. She attended the University of St Andrews, graduating in 1956 with a BSc with first class honours in zoology. [2] [3]

Career and research

In 1959, five days after Jérôme Lejeune described the trisomy-21 [4] in Down syndrome, basing himself off Marthe Gautier's work, [5] Jacobs and John Strong described an additional X chromosome in male patients (the 47,XXY karyotype) [6] also known as Klinefelter syndrome, as Harry Klinefelter had already diagnosed the symptoms in 1942. Despite her work being on XXY syndrome, the XYY syndrome is instead sometimes called Jacobs syndrome: [7] After it had been incidentally discovered by Avery Sandberg in 1961, [8] the syndrome was also found in a chromosome survey of 315 men at a hospital for developmentally disabled, made by Jacobs and hence considered the first little research on it. [9] However, the experimental design had many flaws, including small sample sizes, biased sampling, and poor definition of the phenotype "aggression", resulted in the mischaracterization of XYY individuals as aggressive and violent criminals, which led the path for many biased studies on height-selected, institutionalised XYY individuals in the following decades. [10] [11] [12]

Awards and honours

Jacobs has received many awards in recognition of her work, including the 1999 Mauro Baschirotto Award of the European Society of Human Genetics [1] [13] and the 2011 March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology. [14] [15] Her services to genetics saw her named an OBE in 1999. [2] Jacobs was elected as a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in 2010. [3]

In 1981, she received the William Allan Award from the American Society of Human Genetics. [3] In 1993, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. [2] [16] She was the first recipient of the KS&A Patricia Jacobs Lifetime Achievement Award from the US charity Knowledge Support & Action. [17] In February 2010, Jacobs was elected as a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, the induction ceremony took place in April. [18] In 2011, Jacobs received the March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology. [19]

Personal life

In 1972 she married Newton Morton. She has two step-daughters and three step-sons. [2]

References

  1. 1 2 "ESHG Award Laureates". The European Society of Human Genetics. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Jacobs, Prof. Patricia Ann, (born 8 Oct. 1934), Co-Director of Research, Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, 2001–15 (Director, 1988–2001)", Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u21706, ISBN   978-0-19-954088-4 , retrieved 5 August 2018
  3. 1 2 3 Hamerton, J L (September 1982). "The William Allan Memorial Award. Presented to Patricia A. Jacobs, D.Sc., at the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, Dallas, October 28–31, 1981". American Journal of Human Genetics . 34 (5): 683–688. ISSN   0002-9297. PMC   1685433 . PMID   6751074.
  4. ↑ LEJEUNE J, GAUTHIER M, TURPIN R (26 January 1959). "Human chromosomes in tissue cultures". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences . 248 (4): 602–3. PMID   13629913.
  5. ↑ "The Office of Women in Science and Medicine". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  6. ↑ JACOBS PA, STRONG JA (31 January 1959). "A case of human intersexuality having a possible XXY sex-determining mechanism". Nature . 183 (4657): 302–3. Bibcode:1959Natur.183..302J. doi:10.1038/183302a0. PMID   13632697. S2CID   38349997.
  7. ↑ 47,XYY syndrome on Genetics Home Reference, Other Names. Retrieved 6 August 2017
  8. ↑ Sandberg, Avery A.; Koepf, George F.; Ishihara, Takaaki; Hauschka, Theodore S. (26 August 1961). "An XYY human male". The Lancet . 278 (7200): 488–489. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92459-X. PMID   13746118.
  9. ↑ Jacobs, Patricia A.; Brunton, Muriel; Melville, Marie M.; Brittain, Robert P.; McClemont, William F. (25 December 1965). "Aggressive behavior, mental sub-normality and the XYY male". Nature . 208 (5017): 1351–2. Bibcode:1965Natur.208.1351J. doi:10.1038/2081351a0. PMID   5870205. S2CID   4145850.
  10. ↑ Green, Jeremy (1985). "Media sensationalism and science: The case of the criminal chromosome". In Shinn, Terry; Whitley, Richard (eds.). Expository science: Forms and functions of popularisation. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Pub. Co. pp.  139–161. ISBN   978-90-277-1831-0.
  11. ↑ Beckwith, Jonathan R. (2002). "The myth of the criminal chromosome" . Making genes, making waves: A social activist in science. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp.  116–134. ISBN   978-0-674-00928-8.
  12. ↑ Milunsky, Jeff M. (2010). "Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormalities". In Milunsky, Aubrey; Milunsky, Jeff M. (eds.). Genetic disorders and the fetus: diagnosis, prevention and treatment (6th ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 273–312. ISBN   978-1-4051-9087-9. The addition of a Y chromosome to a normal male chromosome constitution does not produce a discernible phenotype. Males with 47,XYY cannot be characterised by discriminating physical or behavioural features. The first diagnosis of this condition, therefore, was a karyotypic and not a phenotypic discovery.
    Pubertal development is normal and these men are usually fertile.
  13. ↑ "European award in Human Genetics 1999 - VIII Edition - Prof Patricia Jacobs". B.I.R.D. Foundation. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  14. ↑ Carl, Sarah (5 May 2011). "March of Dimes Prize Announced". The Node. The Company of Biologists. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  15. ↑ "Professor Patricia Jacobs Receives International Award". Jnetics. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  16. ↑ The Royal Society website. Retrieved 21 July 2008 Archived 9 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ "Knowledge Support & Action – Patricia Jacobs Lifetime Achievement Award". Archived from the original on 8 June 2008.
  18. ↑ "Top honour for scientist". Salisbury Journal. 16 February 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  19. ↑ "Salisbury District Hospital Geneticist Wins International Honour". salisbury.nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
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