Paul Bottomley (scientist)

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Paul A. Bottomley
Born (1953-03-14) 14 March 1953 (age 72)
Melbourne, Australia
Known for magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Scientific career
Institutions Johns Hopkins University
Doctoral advisor E. Raymond Andrew

Paul Bottomley is an American, English and Australian medical physicist. He pioneered the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that lead to modern commercial clinical 1.5 tesla MRI scanners, along with methods for performing noninvasive localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and applying them to the study of energy supply in human heart disease. In 2022 he retired as Russell H. Morgan Professor of Radiology and Director of the Division of MR Research at Johns Hopkins University where he is currently Professor Emeritus. He has about 200 peer-reviewed journal articles, over 50 U.S patents in MRI, MRS, and MRI-safe implantable lead technologies. He was a Founder and past member of the Board of Directors of SurgiVision Inc, a 1998 Johns Hopkins University start-up company which became MRI Interventions Inc, and is currently known as ClearPoint Neuro Inc [1] .

Contents

Work

Born in Melbourne, Australia, Bottomley earned a BSc in physics from Monash University in Australia in 1974. In 1975, he started his PhD in physics at the University of Nottingham in England, in one of the three original groups that began MRI. In Raymond Andrew's group, alongside that of Peter Mansfield, they built the first MRI system producing radiographic-quality images of the human wrist [2] , and he performed the initial work on RF-field and power deposition in human MRI [3] . Upon completing his PhD in 1978, he went to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in the USA to adapt MRI methods for spatially localizing MRS signals, initially using surface coils to demonstrate localized metabolite depletion and reversal in regional myocardial ischemia in vivo [4] .

In 1980, Paul joined the GE Research Center in Schenectady NY. Together with William A. Edelstein and others, this group began GE's entry into MRI technology. They ordered the biggest magnet available at the time – a 1.5 tesla system – and built the first high-field whole-body MRI/MRS scanner, overcoming problems of coil design, RF penetration and signal-to-noise concerns [5] [6] . The results translated into the highly successful 1.5 tesla clinical MRI products [7] of which there are well over 20,000 systems today, representing 60-70% of all systems [8] [9] . Using a combination of switched MRI localizing magnetic field gradients with MRS acquisition [10] , Paul and his colleagues performed the first noninvasive localized MRS of the human heart and brain [11] [12] .

After starting a collaboration on heart applications with Robert Weiss at Johns Hopkins, Paul returned to Johns Hopkins University in 1994, as Professor and Director of the MR Research Division. He worked on the application of MRS to measure cardiac energy metabolism in the healthy and ischemic human heart [13] [14] , finding that creatine kinase energy supply was compromised in heart failure [15] , that it declined in relation to cardiac mechanical work [16] and that it was an independent predictor of cardiac events and death [17] [18] . More recent work showed that a neural network based on cardiac CK metabolic parameters alone could differentiate a number of different types of cardiac disease and severity with potentially clinically useful accuracy [19] .

Paul has also worked on developing interventional MRI technology, specifically, tiny MRI detector coils [20] [21] that can be built into catheters to perform high resolution imaging of vessel wall and surrounding tissues [22] ; accelerated to perform real-time high resolution 'MRI endoscopy' [23] ; and potentially combined with extra-vascular therapy delivery [24] . The earlier work led to the founding of the SurgiVision Inc start-up noted at top, and later, the development of MRI-safe implantable lead technology [25] [26] (licensed and sold as Avista™ by Boston Scientific Inc [27] ).

He has about 200 peer-reviewed papers including: highly-cited [28] reviews that quantify MRI relaxation times ('T1' and 'T2') in normal [29] and diseased tissues [30] covering a broad range of low and higher field MRI systems; the 'Handbook of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in vivo' [31] ; and the history of the development of localized NMR methods [32] . He has over 50 patents, including high-field MRI (>0.7 Tesla) [33] , spin-echo MRI [34] , 'crusher' gradients [35] , 'fat-saturation' [36] , '3D-slab' MRI [37] , 'point resolved spectroscopy' (PRESS) [38] , 2D spatially-selective pulses [39] , and MRS imaging [40] . He is a Fellow and 1989 Gold Medal recipient of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine [41] , 2012 Sir Peter Mansfield Lecturer [42] ; and recipient of General Electric Company's Gold Silver and Bronze patent medallions, its Dushman Award and its Coolidge Fellowship and medal. He was the 2015 Gold Medal recipient of the American Roentgen-Ray Society and the 2018-2019 Newton Abraham Visiting Professor [43] [44] at Oxford University U.K. [45] [46]

Awards

References

  1. ↑ "ClearPoint Neuro Inc". ClearPoint Neuro. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  2. ↑ Hinshaw, WS; Bottomley, PA; Holland, GN (1977). "Radiographic thin section image of the human wrist by nuclear magnetic resonance". Nature. 270 (723): 722–723. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..722H. doi:10.1038/270722a0. PMID   593393.
  3. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Andrew, ER (1978). "RF magnetic field penetration, phase-shift and power dissipation in biological tissue: Implications for NMR imaging". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 23 (4): 630–643. Bibcode:1978PMB....23..630B. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/23/4/006. PMID   704667.
  4. ↑ Nunnally, RL; Bottomley, PA (1981). "Assessment of pharmacological treatment of myocardial infarction by phosphorus-31 NMR with surface coils". Science. 211 (4478): 177–180. Bibcode:1981Sci...211..177N. doi:10.1126/science.7444460. PMID   7444460.
  5. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Hart, HR; Edelstein, WA; Schenck, JS; Smith, LS; Leue, WM; Mueller, O; Redington, RW (1983). "NMR imaging/spectroscopy system to study both anatomy and metobolism". The Lancet. 322 (ii): 273–274. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90250-7. PMID   6135092.
  6. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Hart, HR; Edelstein, wA; Schenck, JS; Smith, LS; Leue, WM; Mueller, OM; Redington, RW (1984). "Anatomy and metabolism of the normal human brain studied by magnetic resonance at 1.5 Tesla". Radiology. 150: 441–446.
  7. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Edelstein, WA; Hart, HR; Schenck, JF; Redington, RW; Leue, WM (25 August 1987). "High-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy system". US Patent (4, 689, 563).
  8. ↑ "MRI Magnets Market Size, Share, Growth, and Industry Analysis, By Type (1.5T, 3.0T, Others), By Application (Hospitals, Research Institutes, Others), Regional Insights and Forecast to 2035". Market Growth Reports. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  9. ↑ Rein, A. "The Intersection of Physics & Biology". Research. May Photos of the Month. American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  10. ↑ Bottomley, PA (1987). "Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo". Annal NY Acad Sci. 508: 333–348.
  11. ↑ Bottomley, PA (1985). "Non-invasive study of high-energy phosphate metabolism in the human heart by depth resolved 31P NMR spectroscopy". Science. 229 (769–772): 769–772. doi:10.1126/science.4023711. PMID   4023711.
  12. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Edelstein, WA; Foster, TH; Adams, WA (1985). "In vivo solvent suppressed localized hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a window to metabolism?". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 82 (7): 2148–2152. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.2148B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.7.2148 . PMC   397510 . PMID   3856889.
  13. ↑ Weiss, RG; Bottomley, PA; Hardy, CJ; Gerstenblith, G (1990). "Regional myocardial metabolism of high-energy phosphates during isometric exercise in patients with coronary artery disease". N Engl J Med. 323 (23): 1593–1600. doi:10.1056/NEJM199012063232304. PMID   2233948.
  14. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Weiss, RG (1998). "Noninvasive MRS detection of localized creatine depletion in non-viable, infarcted myocardium". The Lancet. 351: 714–718.
  15. ↑ Weiss, RG; Gerstenblith, G; Bottomley, PA (2005). "ATP Flux through Creatine Kinase in the Normal, Stressed, and Failing Human Heart". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102 (808–813): 808–813. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102..808W. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0408962102 . PMC   545546 . PMID   15647364.
  16. ↑ Gabr, RE; El-Sharkawy, AEM; Schar, M; Panjrath, GS; Gerstenblith, G; Weiss, RG; Bottomley, PA (2018). "Cardiac work is related to creatine kinase energy supply in human heart failure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy study". J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 20 (81) 81. doi: 10.1186/s12968-018-0491-6 . PMC   6287363 . PMID   30526611.
  17. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Panjrath, GS; Lai, S; Hirsch, GA; Wu, K; Najjar, SS; Steinberg, A; Gerstenblith, G; Weiss, RG (2013). "Metabolic Rates of ATP Transfer Through Creatine Kinase (CK flux) Predict Clinical Heart Failure Events and Death". Science Transl Med. 5 (215re3): 215re3. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007328. PMC   4440545 . PMID   24337482.
  18. ↑ Samuel, TJ; Lai, S; Schar, M; Wu, KC; Steinberg, AM; Wei, AC; Anderson, ME; Tomaselli, GF; Gerstenblith, G; Bottomley, PA; Weiss, RG (2022). "Myocardial ATP depletion detected noninvasively predicts sudden cardiac death risk in patients with heart failure". J Clin Investig Insight. 7 (12) e157557. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.157557. PMC   9309047 . PMID   35579938.
  19. ↑ Solaiyappan, M; Weiss, RG; Bottomley, PA (2019). "Neural-network classification of cardiac disease from 31P cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of creatine kinase energy metabolism". J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 21 (49) 49. doi: 10.1186/s12968-019-0560-5 . PMC   6689869 . PMID   31401975.
  20. ↑ Atalar, E; Bottomley, PA; Ocali, O; Correis, LCL; Keleman, MD; Lima, JAC; Zerhouni, EA (1996). "High resolution intravascular MRI and MRS using a catheter receiver coil". Magn Reson Med. 36: 596–605.
  21. ↑ El-Sharkawy, AM; Qian, D; Bottomley, PA (2008). "The Performance of Interventional Loopless MRI Antennae at Higher Magnetic Field Strengths". Medical Physics. 35: 1995–2006. PMID   2669652.
  22. ↑ Sathyanarayana, S; Schar, M; Kraitchman, DL; Bottomley, PA (2010). "Towards real-time intravascular endoscopic MRI". JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 3 (11): 1158–1165.
  23. ↑ liu, X; Karmarkar, P; Voit, D; Frahm, J; Weiss, CR; Kraitchman, DL; Bottomley, PA (2021). "Real-Time High-Resolution MRI Endoscopy at up to 10 Frames per Second". BME Frontiers. 2021 (6185616): 1–10. doi:10.34133/2021/6185616.
  24. ↑ liu, X; Ellens, N; Williams, E; Burdette, EC; Karmarkar, P; Weiss, CR; Kraitchman, DL; Bottomley, PA (2020). "High-resolution Intravascular MRI-guided Perivascular Ultrasound Ablation". Magn Reson Med. 83 (1): 240–253. doi:10.1002/mrm.27932. PMC   6778713 . PMID   31402512.
  25. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Kumar, A; Edelstein, WA; Allen, JM; Karmarkar, PV (2010). "Designing passive MRI-safe implantable conducting leads with electrodes". Medical Physics. 37: 3828–3843.
  26. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Karmarkar, PV; Allen, JM; Edelstein, WA (15 November 2016). "MRI and RF compatible leads and related methods of operating and fabricating leads". US Patent (9, 492, 651 B2).
  27. ↑ "Boston Scientific". Avista™ MRI Lead Percutaneous Leads. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  28. ↑ Eaton, DJ (2014). "Highly cited papers in Medical Physics". Medical Physics. 41 (8): 1–2.
  29. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Foster, TH; Argersinger, RE; Pfeifer, LM (1984). "Bottomley PA, Foster TH, Argersinger RE, Pfeifer LM. A review of normal tissue hydrogen NMR relaxation times and relaxation mechanisms: dependence on tissue type, NMR frequency, temperature, species, excision, and age". Medical Physics. 11: 425–448.
  30. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Hardy, CJ; Argersinger, RE; Allen-Moore, G (1987). "A review of 1H NMR relaxation in pathology: are T1 and T2 diagnostic?". Medical Physics. 14: 1–37.
  31. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Griffiths, JR (2016). HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN VIVO. MRS Theory, Practice and Applications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   978-1-118-99766-6.
  32. ↑ Bottomley, PA. "On the Origins of Localized NMR: view from an accomplice". MRIS History UK, Bydder GM, Young IR & Paley M, Eds. mrishistory.org. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  33. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Edelstein, WA; Hart, HR; Schenck, JF; Redington, RW; Leue, WM (25 August 1987). "High-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy system". US Patent (4, 689, 563).
  34. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Edelstein, WA (4 June 1985). "NMR imaging of the transverse relaxation time using multiple spin echo sequences". US Patent (4, 521, 733).
  35. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Edelstein, WA (20 November 1984). "Method of eliminating spurious FID due to imperfect 180o pulses in NMR imaging: the primer/crusher sequence". US Patent (4, 484, 138).
  36. ↑ Bottomley, PA (29 April 1986). "Methods for selective NMR imaging of chemically-shifted nuclei". US Patent (4, 585, 993).
  37. ↑ Edelstein, WA; Bottomley, PA (14 February 1984). "Method of three-dimensional NMR imaging using selective excitation". US Patent (4, 431, 968).
  38. ↑ Bottomley, PA (30 October 1984). "Selective volume method for performing localized NMR spectroscopy and NMR chemical shift imaging". US Patent (4, 480, 228).
  39. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Hardy, CJ; O'Donnell, M; Roemer, PB (14 March 1989). "Multi-dimensional selective NMR excitation with a single RF pulse". US Patent (4, 812, 760).
  40. ↑ Bottomley, PA; Edelstein, WA (19 March 1985). "Methods for performing two and three dimensional chemical shift imaging". US Patent (4, 506, 223).
  41. ↑ "International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine". ISMRM Gold Medal Recipients. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  42. ↑ "International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine". ISMRM Moments in History. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  43. ↑ "Lincoln.ox.ac.uk" (PDF). Lincoln College Record 2018-2019.
  44. ↑ "University of Oxford". Oxford Talks. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  45. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. ↑ "Home Page". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
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