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Branchiopoda is a class of crustaceans. It comprises fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, Diplostraca, Notostraca and the Devonian Lepidocaris. They are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus.
Invertebrate paleontology is sometimes described as invertebrate paleozoology or invertebrate paleobiology. Whether it is considered to be a subfield of paleontology, paleozoology, or paleobiology, this discipline is the scientific study of prehistoric invertebrates by analyzing invertebrate fossils in the geologic record.
Clam shrimp are a group of bivalved branchiopod crustaceans that resemble the unrelated bivalved molluscs. They are extant and also known from the fossil record, from at least the Devonian period and perhaps before. They were originally classified in the former order Conchostraca, which later proved to be paraphyletic and was subsumed into the superorder Diplostraca. Clam shrimp now make up three of the seven orders in Diplostraca, Cyclestherida, Laevicaudata, and Spinicaudata, in addition to the fossil family Leaiidae.
Anostraca is one of the four orders of crustaceans in the class Branchiopoda; its members are referred to as fairy shrimp. They live in vernal pools and hypersaline lakes across the world, and they have even been found in deserts, ice-covered mountain lakes and Antarctic ice. They are usually 6–25 mm (0.24–0.98 in) long. Most species have 20 body segments, bearing 11 pairs of leaf-like phyllopodia, and the body lacks a carapace. They swim "upside-down" and feed by filtering organic particles from the water or by scraping algae from surfaces. They are an important food for many birds and fish, and some are cultured and harvested for use as fish food. There are 300 species spread across 8 families.
The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and extant invertebrate animals. The prehistoric invertebrates are described as to their taxonomy, morphology, paleoecology, stratigraphic and paleogeographic range. However, taxa with no fossil record whatsoever have just a very brief listing.
Raymond Cecil Moore was an American geologist and paleontologist. He is known for his work on Paleozoic crinoids, bryozoans, and corals. Moore was a member of US Geological Survey from 1913 until 1949. In 1919 he became professor at the University of Kansas (Lawrence). In 1953 Professor Moore organized the launch and became the first editor of the still ongoing multi-volume work Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Contributors to the Treatise have included the world's specialists in the field. He served as president of the Geological Society of America in 1958. In 1970 he was awarded the Mary Clark Thompson Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
Eophacops is a genus of trilobites from the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae. These trilobites lived during the Middle Silurian in what now are North America and North-West Europe. Species assigned to this genus can be distinguished from Phacops by their small size (2–3 cm). Eophacops has very large eyes compared to the rest of its body.
Asaphus is a genus of trilobites that is known from the Lower and Middle Ordovician of northwestern Europe.
Acaste is a genus of extinct trilobite of the order Phacopida which lived throughout the Silurian period. Though many species had been included, it now has only one species, Acaste downingiae. It is characterized by a convex dorsal surface, an absence of spines, a shortening of the head-shield and a general rounding off of all angles.
Although the phylogenetic classification of non-vertebrate animals remains a work-in-progress, the following taxonomy attempts to be useful by combining both traditional (old) and new (21st-century) paleozoological terminology.
Crepicephalus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period.
Asaphiscus is a genus of trilobite that lived in the Cambrian. Its remains have been found in Australia and North America, especially in Utah.
Dienstina is a trilobite in the order Phacopida, that existed during the lower Devonian in what is now Germany. It was described by Richter and Richter in 1931, and the type species is Dienstina diensti, which the authors had originally assigned to the genus Phacopidella in 1923. The type locality was in Oberscheld, Rhenish Massif.
Allison Ralph (Pete) Palmer is an American paleontologist and geologist. His work has focused on the Cambrian period. He has had a career of nearly fifty years as a geologist with the United States Geological Survey and universities. The author of some 137 scientific articles, his research has been important in understanding of the origin and evolution of life on Earth.
Westergaardites is an Upper Cambrian trilobite that is known from the Eastern Tian Shan. It is related to Triarthrus, but can easily be distinguished from it by an extremely long exoskeleton, anteriorly placed eyes, a thorax of 19 segments with an extremely wide axis, and very narrow pleural regions, pleural spines, and a pygidium with marginal spines.
TrilobitesLink, 1807 is a disused genus of trilobites, the species of which are now all assigned to other genera.
Raymondinidae are the only family in the trilobite superfamily Raymondinacea, which lived during the Middle and Upper Cambrian.
Genevievella is a genus of trilobites with a short inverted egg-shaped outline, a wide headshield, small eyes, and long genal spines. The backrim of the headshield is inflated and overhangs the first of the 9 thorax segments. The 8th thorax segment from the front bears a backward directed spine that reaches beyond the back end of the exoskeleton. It has an almost oval tailshield with 5 pairs of pleural furrows. It lived during the Upper Cambrian in what are today Canada and the United States.
Entomaspididae is a family of harpetid trilobites that ranges from the Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician of marine strata in China and the United States.
Entomaspis is an extinct genus of harpetid trilobite from Upper Cambrian to Early Ordovician marine strata of the United States. Species are typified by their proportionally large, vaulted, croissant-shaped or bonnet-shaped cephalons that have the cheeks freed to become elongated, curved librigenial spines, and by their comparatively large, crescent-shaped eyes.
References
- ↑ "Historic Fellows". AAAS. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
Tasch, Paul 1962
- 1 2 3 4 5 Merriam, Daniel (April 2002). "Memorial to Paul Tasch 1910–2001" (PDF). Geological Society of America Memorials. 32: 23–25. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
- ↑ Tasch, Paul (1953). "Causes and paleoecological significance of dwarfed fossil marine invertebrates". Journal of Paleontology . 27 (3): 356–444. JSTOR 1300000.
- ↑ Tasch, Paul (1967). "Fossil clam shrimp distribution and its significance for the theory of continental drift". Kansas Academy of Science Transactions. 70 (2): 151–163. doi:10.2307/3627113. JSTOR 3627113.
- ↑ Tasch, Paul (1971). Louis O Quam and Horace D Porter (ed.). Invertebrate fossil record and continental drift. Research in the Antarctic; a symposium presented at the Dallas meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, December, 1968. Vol. 93. pp. 703–716. ISBN 9780871680938. OCLC 194755.
- ↑ Tasch, Paul (1987). Fossil Conchostraca of the Southern Hemisphere and Continental Drift: Paleontology, Biostratigraphy and Dispersal. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 165. pp. 1–290. doi:10.1130/MEM165. ISBN 0-8137-1165-7.
- ↑ Tasch, Paul (1969). "Branchiopoda". In Moore, Raymond (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R, Arthropoda 4, vol. 1 & 2: Crustacea (Exclusive of Ostracoda), Myriapoda, Hexapoda. University of Kansas. pp. 128–191. ISBN 978-0-8137-3018-9.
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Tasch Peak
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