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In Canada, an Indian reserve is defined by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in His Majesty, that has been set apart by His Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." Reserves are areas set aside for First Nations, one of the major groupings of Indigenous peoples in Canada, after a contract with the Canadian state, and are not to be confused with indigenous peoples' claims to ancestral lands under Aboriginal title.
In Canada, an Indian band or band, sometimes referred to as a First Nation band or simply a First Nation, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subject to the Indian Act. Bands are typically small groups of people: the largest in the country, the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation had 22,294 members in September 2005, and many have a membership below 100 people. Each First Nation is typically represented by a band council chaired by an elected chief, and sometimes also a hereditary chief. As of 2013, there were 614 bands in Canada. Membership in a band is controlled in one of two ways: for most bands, membership is obtained by becoming listed on the Indian Register maintained by the government. As of 2013, there were 253 First Nations which had their own membership criteria, so that not all status Indians are members of a band.
The Kitasoo/Xaixais First Nation, also known as the Kitasoo/Xaixais Nation, is the band government of the First Nations people of Klemtu, British Columbia, Canada. The band comprises two ethnic groups who share an ancient alliance, the Kitasoo, a Tsimshian group, and the Xai'xais, a north-wakashan speaking group. The government is a member of the Oweekeno-Kitasoo-Nuxalk Tribal Council and a member of the Tsimshian First Nations treaty council.
The New Westminster Indian Band is an Indian Act band government based at suite 105 - 3680 Rae Avenue in Vancouver, British Columbia. The band administration uses the unofficial name "Qayqayt First Nation" in its public communication. The New Westminster Indian Band is one of the smallest First Nations in Canada and the only one registered without a land base.
The Sencot'en Alliance is a First Nations grouping, composed of the Tsartlip, Tsawout, Pauquachin bands from the Saanich Peninsula and the Semiahmoo from White Rock. "Sencot'en" is equivalent to "Saanich" in ethnographic terms.
The Northern Regional Negotiations Table handles treaty negotiations in the British Columbia Treaty Process for a number of First Nations located in the far north of British Columbia and the south of the Yukon Territory in Canada.
The Hamatla Treaty Society handles Treaty negotiations in the BC Treaty Process for a number of First Nations located in the northern Strait of Georgia of British Columbia.
The Te'mexw Treaty Association handles Treaty negotiations in the BC Treaty Process for a number of First Nations located in the northern Strait of Georgia of British Columbia. The members of the association are former signatories of the Douglas Treaties, a group of treaties signed in the 1850s.
The lack of treaties between the First Nations of British Columbia (BC) and the Canadian Crown, is a long-standing problem that has become a major issue in recent years. In 1763, the British Crown declared that only it could acquire land from First Nations through treaties. Historically only two treaties were signed with the First Nations of British Columbia. The first of which was the Douglas Treaties, negotiated by Sir James Douglas with the native people of southern Vancouver Island from 1850-1854. The second treaty, Treaty 8, signed in 1899 was part of the Numbered Treaties that were signed with First Nations across the Prairie regions. British Columbian Treaty 8 signatories are located in the Peace River Country or the far North East of BC. For over nine decades no more treaties were signed with First Nations of BC; many Native people wished to negotiate treaties, but successive BC provincial governments refused until the 1990s. A major development was the 1997 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Delgamuukw v. British Columbia case that Aboriginal title still exists in British Columbia and that when dealing with Crown land, the government must consult with and may have to compensate First Nations whose rights are affected.
The Tsawout First Nation is a First Nations government located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. They are a member of the Sencot'en Alliance. In the 1850s they were signatories to the Douglas Treaties. They speak the SENĆOŦEN language.
The Kwiakah First Nation, also known as the Kwiakah Band or Kwiakah Nation, is the band government of the Kwiakah people, a subgroup of the Laich-kwil-tach group of the Kwakwaka'wakw peoples. Their mailing address is in Campbell River, British Columbia, Canada, where most their 19 band members live, although their traditional territory is in the Discovery Islands to the north of that city and their two Indian Reserves are located on the mainland coast adjacent to that archipelago. The band is making an effort to "go back to the land" and re-occupy their traditional sites.
The Ɂakisq̓nuk First Nation, also spelled Akisqnuk First Nation, and formerly known as the Columbia Lake First Nation are a Ktunaxa First Nation in the Kootenays district of the Canadian province of British Columbia. In the British Columbia Treaty Process they are part of the Ktunaxa Nation Council.
The Tsartlip First Nation is a First Nation located on the Saanich Peninsula, in Saanich territory on Vancouver Island. They are a member of the Sencot'en Alliance fighting for Native rights. In the 1850s they were signatories to one of the Douglas Treaties.
The Pauaquachin are a Coast Salish indigenous people whose territory is in the Greater Victoria area of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Their houses stand between Gordon Head and Cowichan Head. They are one of the five groups of houses or 'families' of Saanich, along with the Tsawout, the Tseycum, the Malahat, the T'sou-ke, and the Tsartlip First Nations. According to a 2016 census, 330 people were recognized as Pauquachin.
The Tseycum First Nation is a First Nations government located on Vancouver Island. In the 1850s they were signatories to the Douglas Treaties.
The Lyackson First Nation is a First Nations band government located at Chemainus, British Columbia, Canada, on Vancouver Island.
The Hagwilget Village First Nation is a First Nations band government, a subgroup of the (Gitxsan) people, located at Hagwilget, British Columbia, Canada, which is just east of Hazelton, British Columbia. The band is one of the 13 member governments of the |Hereditary Chiefs of the Gitxsan, which functions as a tribal council in alliance with the 35 members of the Hereditary Chiefs of the Gitxsan.
The Aitchelitz First Nation, also known as the Aitchelitz Band, is a First Nations band government of the Sto:lo people, located at Sardis, British Columbia, Canada (Chilliwack). It is a member of the Sto:lo Nation tribal council.
Metlakatla First Nation is a band government based at Metlakatla on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, to the north of the city of Prince Rupert. They are a member of the Tsimshian First Nations treaty council.
References
- 1 2 "Alliance maps out at-risk treaty lands". CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. June 22, 2006. Archived from the original on March 27, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
- ↑ "Douglas Treaties: 1850-1854". Executive Council of British Columbia. 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
- ↑ "Pauquachin First Nation Governance". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada . Government of Canada. 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
- ↑ "Pauquachin First Nation". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada . Government of Canada. 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
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