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Peder Galle (before 1476, died around 1538) was a Swedish Catholic priest, professor of theology, archdeacon of the Uppsala Diocese and member of parliament for the clergy.
Peder Galle was born as belonging to the noble family Galle, who carried three wolf teeth in the coat of arms.
Galle enrolled on 1 May 1476 as a student at Rostock University and later also studied in Rome. He is mentioned in the 1480s as a magister artium liberalium and as a lecturer at Uppsala University. In 1487, he seems to have served as pastor in Närtuna. He was promoted in 1500 to a doctor of theology, probably at the University of Siena. In 1504 and 1512, he was again in Uppsala as doctor and cantor at the cathedral chapter, later said to have been archdeacon. He is mentioned after 1520 as scholasticus in Uppsala and calls himself in a document from the year 1531 theological professor.
As an assistant at Christian II 's coronation, he was an eyewitness of the Stockholm Bloodbath and, together with some other canons, wrote a story about the same, on behalf of the director general Gustaf Eriksson.
At the end of 1526, Gustav Vasa on the advice of Laurentius Andreæ, decided to hold a religious conversation between Lutheran doctrine and Catholicism. To this end, the king sent ten questions to Galle in a letter on December 4, requesting that he, who was "a doctor in that helie script", should answer them in writing from his point of view before Christmas Eve. Later, two more questions were added. The questions written by Laurentius Andreæ concerned the biblical support for certain Catholic customs such as the worship of saints and the belief in purgatory and were clearly formulated to question the Catholic faith. Peder Galle should have written his answer, but on the advice of Hans Brask he avoided meeting Olaus Petri in public, who also received and answered the questions and at Christmas time twice traveled up to Uppsala in a dissertation.
The old information about a formal disputation in Uppsala (1524 according to Erik Jöransson Tegel, 1525 according to Peder Swart) has proved incorrect.
On the other hand, a disputation really took place during Västerås Riksdag in 1527, but not during the troubled day after Gustav's resignation, but only after the estates gave their answer to the king's "representations", so it can not have influenced Västerås Riksdag decision, as previously usually assumed. Even before this dissertation, in May 1527, Olaus Petri had published in printed format Galle's answers to the king's questions and his refutation under the title Swaar on twelve questions. In this writing, Galle appears as an astute, learned and resourceful man. With calmness and dignity he defended his position, Christianity as laid out by the Church Fathers.
In 1527, he was appointed the one representative of the Uppsala cathedral chapter at Västerås Riksdag, as well as the church council in Strängnäs in 1537.
He most likely died in 1537 or the beginning of 1538.
Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead the rebel movement following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.
The Church of Sweden is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with around 5.6 million members at year end 2021, it is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden, the largest Lutheran denomination in Europe and the third-largest in the world, after the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania.
The Early Vasa era is a period that in Swedish and Finnish history lasted between 1523–1611. It began with the reconquest of Stockholm by Gustav Vasa and his men from the Danes in 1523, which was triggered by the event known as the Stockholm Bloodbath in 1520, and then was followed up by Sweden's secession from the Kalmar Union, and continued with the reign of Gustav's sons Eric XIV, John III, John's son Sigismund, and finally Gustav's youngest son Charles IX. The era was followed by a period commonly referred to as the Swedish Empire, or Stormaktstiden in Swedish, which means "Era Of Great Power".
Laurentius PetriNericius was a Swedish clergyman and the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden. He and his brother Olaus Petri are, together with the King Gustav Vasa, regarded as the main Lutheran reformers of Sweden. They are commemorated by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on 19 April.
Olof Persson, sometimes Petersson, better known under the Latin form of his name, Olaus Petri, was a clergyman, writer, judge, and major contributor to the Protestant Reformation in Sweden. His brother, Laurentius Petri, became the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden.
The Catholic Church in Sweden was established by Archbishop Ansgar in Birka in 829, and further developed by the Christianization of Sweden in the 9th century. King Olof Skötkonung is considered the first Christian king of Sweden.
*Hans Brask (1464–1538) was a Swedish Bishop of Linköping.
The Archbishop of Uppsala has been the primate of Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the Catholic era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church.
Carl Gustaf Hellqvist was one of Sweden's most popular historical painters in the 19th century.
Johannes Magnus was the last functioning Catholic Archbishop in Sweden, and also a theologian, genealogist, and historian.
Laurentius Andreae was a Swedish Lutheran clergyman and scholar who is acknowledged as one of his country's preeminent intellectual figures during the first half of the 16th century. In his time he was most renowned as one of the main proponents of the Swedish reformation of 1523-31.
The Diocese of Västerås is a division of the Church of Sweden. Its home is in the Västerås Cathedral.
The Diocese of Strängnäs is a part of the Lutheran Church of Sweden and has its seat in Strängnäs Cathedral in Strängnäs, south of Lake Mälaren. The diocese is made up of the two provinces Närke and Södermanland.
The Uppsala Synod in 1593 was the most important synod of the Lutheran Church of Sweden. Sweden had gone through its Protestant Reformation and broken with Roman Catholicism in the 1520s, but an official confession of faith had never been declared.
The Reformation in Sweden is generally regarded as having begun in 1527 during the reign of King Gustav I of Sweden, but the process was slow and did not end definitively until the Uppsala Synod of 1593 and the following War against Sigismund, with an attempted counter-reformation during the reign of John III (1568–1592).
The Dalecarlian rebellions were a series of Swedish rebellions which took place in Dalarna in Sweden: the First Dalecarlian Rebellion in 1524-1525, the Second Dalecarlian Rebellion in 1527–1528, and the Third Dalecarlian Rebellion in 1531–1533. The rebellions were conducted by the peasantry of Dalarna against the Swedish monarch, King Gustav Vasa. Mutual reasons for all three rebellions were loss of support of Gustav I among the Dalecarlian peasantry because of the economic crisis, the increased royal power, and the unpopular Swedish Reformation.
Events from the year 1538 in Sweden
The Liturgical Struggle was the name for the period from 1574 until 1593 in Sweden, when there was a struggle about the confession of faith and liturgy of the Church of Sweden, brought about by the attempts of King John III of Sweden to make the Swedish church take a mediating position between Catholicism and Protestantism by holding only certain doctrines and practices which could be established immediately in either the Word of God or patristic writings, similar to what had once been imposed on the Lutheran areas in Germany during the Augsburg Interim. The struggle began in 1574, when the king introduced some new rules in the liturgy which were not in accordance with Lutheran doctrine and practice, followed by his publication of the Liturgia Svecanæ Ecclesiæ catholicæ & orthodoxæ conformia commonly called the "Red Book", which re-introduced a number of Catholic customs. The Liturgical Struggle ended with the Lutheran confession of faith at the Uppsala Synod in 1593.
Petrus Olai Dalekarlus was a Swedish academic, Dean and Member of Parliament (riksdagsman).
Peder Månsson was a Swedish author and prelate who served as the Bishop of Västerås from 1524 till 1534.
